Goal Essay

â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world† (Nelson Mandela) what are my intension to come to college? Nowadays, medical assistant is rapidly increasing. I’m attending college to earn my Associate degree in Medical Assistant. Before attending college, I’ve had too many problems such as the grammar problems and writing in the English forms. I realized that I wasn’t going to get far without education. With my family’s support and advises, I decided to go on further with my education to have a better future and a long time career working as a medical assistant. This year, I am enrolled at Kauai Community College since the fall 2012 semester. When I started college, I was majoring Liberal Arts because I’m still undecided what career I wanted to pursue in. November 2012, after talking to my counselor I was able to choose what I’m pursuing; I choose medical assistant. Their are couple reasons why I choose medical assistant. One reason is that I have the passion to work with other people. And the other reason is that I have a single mother who supported me since I was born and I want to find a career that would pay enough to support me and my family. Receiving my associate degree and becoming a medical assistant will improve my life. I am 18 years old, employed at brick oven (Kalaheo), and still living with my parents. In the past I made a lot of bad choices that made my mother disappointment. Accomplishing my educational goals and pursuing in the medical field will make my family and my mother proud, and it will also help me live independently. My estimated date of graduating the medical field is spring 2015, in order for me to complete my goal; I will set up a meeting with my counselor to organize what I should take each semester. By doing this, so I would know what to expect and not to overload my schedule. Other things that will also help me to achieve my goal is to attend class regularly, take notes, turn in all assignments on time, and do not procrastinate. In conclusion, my purpose for being in college is to have a better future and be able to live independently and support my family.

Determination of water of hydration Essay

Observation of copper sulfate No copper sulfate Light blue After heating for about 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns lighter and then into grey-white. Water released as vapor is observed from this point. After heating for another 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns into grey-white. After heating for 10 minutes, the whole part of the powder turns into grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green * Mass of hydrated copper sulfate (g) = (46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (43.78 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * Mass of water (g) = ( 46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (45.22 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * General reaction: hydrate anhydrous salt + water CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O m 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) M 160 +18x (g/mol) 18x (g/mol) * n xH2O (mol) = n CuSO4.xH2O = = (0.86 )(160 + 18x) = )18x 160(0.86 ) + 18x(0.86 ) = )18x 160(0.86 ) = 18x(1.44 0.04) x = = = 5.3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.3 Conclusion: The value of x in CuSO4.xH2O is quite similar to the value on the label (literal value) of the hydrated copper sulfate jar (% of difference is 6%) Evaluation Limitations Effects Improvements The number of experiments carried out is not enough (Random error) If the data obtained are inaccurate; as a result, the value of x calculated will be inaccurate Do the experiment many times When cooling the crucible, water can be reformed in copper sulfate (random error) Weight of the crucible may increase Use a data logger computer to take the mass of the crucible continuously until the mass remains unchanged The flame is too strong (random error) Some copper sulfate molecules may be decomposed Keep the flame at a reasonable height and temperature

Mirror mirror on the wall-cultures consequences in a value test of its own design Essay

The paper offers a critical reading of Geert Hofstede’s (1980) Culture’s Consequences using an analytical strategy where the book is mirrored against itself and analyzed in terms of its own proposed value dimensions. â€Å"Mirroring† unravels the book’s normative viewpoint and political subtext and exposes discursive interests in its research process. Making all this evident in the canonical book’s own terms, this paper communicates critical concerns across paradigm boundaries. It indicates the need to reconsider concepts and convictions that predominate cross-cultural research and to adopt norms of reflexivity that transcend existing notions of â€Å"cultural relativism.† Globalization, there seems to be a need to further these attempts at reevaluating its foundations. To a great extent, the knowledge produced in this field is still firmly rooted in the orthodoxy of functionalist, â€Å"normal† science—its positivist epistemology and objectivist rhetoric (see Burrell & Morgan, 1979). While there are a few interpretive, emically oriented case studies (e.g., Ahrens, 1996; Brannen, 2004), these generally remain a marginalized pursuit (MarschanPiekkari & Welch, 2004); studies are usually nomothetic and quantitative, with researchers posing themselves as discoverers of universal regularities and systematic causal relationships. Cultural relativism, when admitted, is seen to relate to the scientist—not to science Itself—and is accordingly â€Å"corrected† by rituals of confession, (rare) attempts to create crosscultural research teams, or various â€Å"bias control† techniques. In this vein, international management thought is evolving into quite a large body of thought— one that, despite its name, underrepresents many regions of the world in terms of authorship and topics of analysis (Kirkman & Law, 2005). Moreover, like other managerial disciplines that aspire to shape actual workplaces, its influence extends into the world of practice as well.   The book indeed entailed various substantive contributions. Apparently, as globalization progressed into the 1980s, crossing traditional boundaries, national culture could no longer be disregarded. What until then constituted a beast too â€Å"soft† or vague for the positivist epistemology of â€Å"normal† science became a focus of much interest. Hofstede, it can be said, tamed the beast— he divided it, counted it, tabled it, and graphed it. â€Å"Culture† was reduced to â€Å"values,† which were reduced to a limited set of questions on an IBM questionnaire. â€Å"National society† was reduced to â€Å"middle class rather than the working class† (1980: 56), which was reduced to IBM personnel from the marketing and service divisions. Answers were quantified, computerized, â€Å"statisticalized.† Things cultural could finally be said in â€Å"scientific† language. October Subsequently, the book promoted sensitivity to cultural diversity at the workplace (and beyond it). In addition, it undermined the widespread assumption that American management knowledge is universal and thus easily transferable across cultures, and challenged psychology’s long-standing refusal to acknowledge the relevance of culture as anything but an external variable (see Joseph, Reddy, & Searle-Chatterjee, 1990: 21; Triandis, 2004). Culture, Hofstede claimed, is a â€Å"mental programming† instilled in people’s minds—an internal variable, shaping behavior from the inside out. Thus, for organizational practice, management theory, and psychology, national culture is relevant; it does count. And as far as the scientific community of his time was concerned, he had the right numbers to prove it. There were, however, very serious critiques from the outset (e.g., Baskerville, 2003; Eckhardt, 2002; Harrison & McKinnon, 1999; Kitayama, 2002; Merker, 1982; Robinson, 1983; Schooler, 1983; Singh, 1990). In what appears to be one of the most damning critiques of the book, McSweeney claimed that â€Å"the on-going unquestioning acceptance of Hofstede’s national culture research by his evangelized entourage suggests that in parts of the management disciplines the criteria for acceptable evidence are far too loose† . Hofstede never failed to respond to the ongoing stream of criticism, defended his methodological decisions, and clarified the study’s claims and implications (e.g., 1990, 2001, especially p. 73). The debate that evolved was extensive, but it generally focused on a single question: Does Hofstede â€Å"really† capture â€Å"feminine-in-management† meets â€Å"globalization.† Business Horizons, 36(2): 71– 81. Calas, M. B., & Smircich, L. 1999. Past postmodernism? Re ´ flections and tentative directions. Academy of Management Review, 24: 649 – 671. Chandy, P. R., & Williams, T. G. E. 1994. The impact of journals and authors on international business. Journal of International Business Studies, 25: 715–728. Clegg, S. R., & Hardy, C. 1999. Introduction. In S. R. Clegg & C. Hardy (Eds.), Studying organization: Theory & method: 1–22. London: Sage. Cooper, R. 1989. Modernism, post modernism and organizational analysis 3: The contribution of Jacques Derrida. Organization Studies, 10: 479 –502. Cooper, R., Burrell, G. 1988. Modernism, postmodernism and organizational analysis: An introduction. Organization Studies, 9: 91–112. October Foucault, M. 1972. The archaeology of knowledge. (Translated by A. M. S. Smith.) New York: Pantheon. Foucault, M. 1977. Language, counter-memory, practice: Selected essays and interviews. (Edited by D. F. Bouchard.) Oxford: Blackwell. Foucault, M. 1980. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. (Edited by C. Gordon.) New York: Pantheon. Frost, P. 1980. Toward a radical framework for practicing organization science. Academy of Management Review, 5: 501–507. Gioia, D. A., & Pitre, E. 1990. Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review, 5: 584 – 602. Harrison, G. L., & McKinnon, J. L. 1999. Cross-cultural research in management control systems design: A review of the current state. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 24: 483–506. Hart, W. B. 1999. Interdisciplinary influences in the study of intercultural relations: A citation analysis of the International Journal of Intercultural Relations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23: 575–589. Hofstede, G. 1978. The poverty of management control philosophy. Academy of Management Review, 3: 450 – 461. Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede, G. 1983. The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(2): 75– 89. Hofstede, G. 1990. A reply and comment on Joginder P. Singh: â€Å"Managerial culture and work-related values in India.† Organization Studies, 11: 103–106. Hofstede, G. 1991. Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill. Hofstede, G. 1994. Management scientists are human. Management Science, 40: 4 –13. Hofstede, G. 1996. An American in Paris: The influence of nationality on organization theories. Organization Studies, 17: 525–537. Hofstede, G. (Ed.). 1998a. Masculinity and femininity: The taboo dimension of national cultures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Derrida, J. 1972. Positions. (Translated and annotated by A. Bass.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hofstede, G. 1998b. Masculinity/femininity as a dimension of culture. In G. Hofstede (Ed.), Masculinity and femininity: The taboo dimension of national cultures: 3–28. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Eckhardt, G. 2002. Book review of Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (second edition). Australian Journal of Management, 27: 89 –94. Hofstede, G. 1998c. The cultural construction of gender. In G. Hofstede (Ed.), Masculinity and femininity: The taboo dimension of national cultures: 77–105. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Escobar, A. 1995. Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Hofstede, G. 1998d. Comparative studies of sexual behavior: Sex as achievement or as relationship? In G. Hofstede (Ed.), Masculinity and femininity: The taboo dimension of national cultures: 153–178. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Ferguson, K. E. 1994. On bringing more theory, more voices and more politics to the study of organizations. Organization, 1: 81–99. Hofstede, G. 1998e. Religion, masculinity, and sex. In G. Hofstede (Ed.), Masculinity and femininity: The taboo dimension of national cultures: 192–209. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research: 463– 477. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hofstede, G. 2001. Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Marschan-Piekkari, R., & Welch, C. 2004. Qualitative research methods in international business: The state of the art. In R. Marschan-Piekkari & C. Welch (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research methods for international business: 5–24. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. 1988. The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16(4): 4 –21. Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. 2005. Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (revised & expanded 2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hofstede, G., & McCrae, R. R. 2004. Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture. Cross-Cultural Research, 38: 52– 88. Hoppe, M. H. 2004. An interview with Geert Hofstede. Academy of Management Executive, 18(1): 75–79. Jack, G., & Lorbiecki, A. 2003. Asserting possibilities of resistance in the cross-cultural teaching machine: Reviewing videos of others. In A. Prasad (Ed.), Postcolonial theory and organizational analysis: A critical engagement: 213–232. New York: Palgrave. Martin, J. 1994. The organization of exclusion: Institutionalization of sex inequality, gendered faculty jobs and gendered knowledge in organizational theory and research. Organization, 1: 401– 431. McSweeney, B. 2002. Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith—A failure of analysis. Human Relations, 55: 89 – 118. Merker, S. L. 1982. Book review of Geert Hofstede’s Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Behavioral Science, 27: 195–197. Meyerson, D. E. 1998. Feeling stressed and burned out: A feminist reading and re-visioning of stress-based emotions within medicine and organization science. Organization Science, 9: 103–118. Jack, G., & Westwood, R. 2006. Postcolonialism and the politics of qualitative research in international business. Management International Review, 46: 481–501. Morgan, G. 1983. The significance of assumptions. In G. Morgan (Ed.), Beyond method: Strategies for social research: 377–382. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Joseph, G. G., Reddy, V., & Searle-Chatterjee, M. 1990. Ethnocentrism in the social sciences. Race & Class, 31(4): 1–26. Mumby, D. K., & Putnam, L. L. 1992. The politics of emotion: A feminist reading of bounded rationality. Academy of Management Review, 17: 465– 486. Kirkman, B. L., & Law, K. S. K. 2005. From the editors: International management research in AMJ: Our past, present, and future. Academy of Management Journal, 48: 377–386. Kirkman, B. L., Lowe., K. B., Gibson, C. B. 2006. A quarter century of Culture’s consequences: A review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede’s cultural values framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 37: 285–320. Kitayama, S. 2002. Culture and basic psychological processes—Toward a system view of culture: Comment on Oyserman et al. (2002). Psychological Bulletin, Knights, D., & Morgan, G. 1991. Corporate strategy, organizations, and subjectivity: A critique. Organization Studies, 12: 251–273. Kuhn, T. 1972. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kunda, Z. 1990. The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108: 480 – 498. Kwek, D. 2003. Decolonizing and re-presenting Culture’s consequences: A postcolonial critique of cross-cultural studies in management. In A. Prasad (Ed.), Postcolonial theory and organizational analysis: A critical engagement: 121–146. New York: Palgrave. Lyotard, J.-F. 1984. The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Manning, P. K., & Cullum-Swan, B. 1994. Narrative, content, and semiotic analysis. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln Nkomo, S. M. 1992. The emperor has no clothes: Rewriting â€Å"Race in organizations.† Academy of Management Review, 17: 487–513. Oyserman, D., Coon, H., & Kemmelmeier, M. 2002. Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128: 3–72. Parker, M. 1992. Post-modern organizations or postmodern organization theory. Organization Studies, 13: 1–17. Prasad, A. (Ed.). 2003. Postcolonial theory and organizational analysis: A critical engagement. New York: Palgrave Reed, M. 1992. Introduction. In M. Reed & M. Hughes (Eds.), Rethinking organizations: New directions in organizational theory and analysis: 1–16. London: Sage. Richardson, L. 1994. Writing: A method of inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research: 516 –529. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Robinson, R. V. 1983. Book review of Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Work and Occupations, 10: 110 –115. Said, E. W. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Random House. Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. 2005. Individualism: A valid and important dimension of cultural differences between nations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9: 17–31. Schooler, C. 1983. Book review of Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Contemporary Sociology, 12: 167. Academy of Management Review Singh, J. P. 1990. Managerial culture and work-related values in India. Organization Studies, 11: 75–101. Sà ¸ndergaard, M. 1994. Research note: Hofstede’s consequences: A study of reviews, citations and replications. Organization Studies, 15: 447– 456. Sorge, A. 1983. Book review of Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 625– 629. Spivak, G. C. 1988. Subaltern studies: Deconstructing historiography. In R. Guha & G. C. Spivak (Eds.), Selected subaltern studies: 3–34. New York: Oxford University Press. October Van Deusen, C. 2002. Book review of Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Business & Society, 41: 125–128. Vunderink, M. & Hofstede, G. 1998. Femininity shock: American students in the Netherlands. In G. Hofstede (Ed.), Masculinity and femininity: The taboo dimension of national cultures: 139 –152. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Weaver, G. R., & Gioia, D. A. 1994. Paradigms lost: Incommensurability vs structurationist inquiry. Organization Studies, 15: 565–590. Triandis, H. C. 1993. Reviews on cultural phenomena— Cultures and organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 132–134. Westwood, R. 2004. Towards a postcolonial research paradigm in international business and comparative management. In R. Marschan-Piekkari & C. Welch (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research methods for international business: 56 – 83. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Triandis, H. C. 2004. The many dimensions of culture. Academy of Management Executive, 18(1): 88 –93. Williamson, D. 2002. Forward from a critique of Hofstede’s model of national culture. Human Relations, 55: 1373–1395. Galit Ailon (ailonsg@mail.biu.ac.il) is a lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Bar-IIan University. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Labor Studies at Tel-Aviv University. Her research interests include organizational globalization, organizational culture, organizational theory, and managerial ideologies.

The 17th and 18th centuries were a time of great political change in Research Paper

The 17th and 18th centuries were a time of great political change in Europe - Research Paper Example To begin with, Hobbes being a scholar, his main aim was to place politics on a scientific grip, hence employing a strict logical method to his work. In contrast, Machiavelli having worked as one of the civil servants of Florentine Republic drew his conclusions, after observing how people behaved instead of how they should behave in an intangible and hypothetical world2. It is this methodology difference, which leads to differing political views of these two authors. Hobbes, writing Leviathan immediately after the end of civil war and unfruitful tries at republicanism in Europe, held less estimation of the nature of human beings that Machiavelli. According to Hobbes, if two individuals have desire of a certain thing, which they cannot enjoy at the same time, then they become enemies3. Hobbes argued that, people living in such state were continuously at war, and they could not differentiate between right and wrong. The two lived a life that was poor, solitary, short, brutish, and nasty. Resulting from his reductionist methodology, taking societal analysis to a position of human nature, he made his conclusion with a main realist assumption (anarchy). In such a state, every individual has his or her natural right for protection against injury or harm4. Therefore, Hobbes’s arguments purports that there must be fundamental laws to avoid the state of war. On contrary, Machiavelli does not reflect a theoretical state of nature like Hobbes. Howev er, Machiavelli argues, â€Å"there is no secret hand, which brings human activities into natural harmony†. Another factor differentiating these two political theorists is their diverging views about governance. According to Hobbes, it was the speculation on how a society functions without set rules. Hobbes felt that individuals would simply be doing things according to their own interests. Regarding how people should act, Hobbes makes

Types of Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Types of Crime - Assignment Example According to the Crime in the United States, 2011 report, for the fifth year in a row, the estimated number of violent crimes reported to law enforcement (1,203,564)  decreased by 4.5 percent in 2011 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2012). The trend therefore for violent crimes is on the decline. The second type of crime is the property crime which includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson. The object of this type of crime is to take money or property but unlike violent crimes, in property crimes, there is no force or threat of force against the victims (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2010). The estimated number of property crimes reported to law enforcement  (9,063,173)  decreased for the ninth year in a row (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2012). Like violent crimes, the trend for property crimes is on the decline. Other types of crime are cybercrime, white-collar crime and crimes against society like terrorism or narcotic offences. Cybercrime is a criminal activity which is done with the use of computers and the internet (TechTerms.com, 2013). Cybercrime includes identity theft, phishing, account takeovers and fraud. In the US, 75 percent of cybercriminals were men and more than half resided in California, Florida, New York, Texas, the District of Columbia, or Washington state. Outside of the US, most perpetrators came from the United Kingdom, Nigeria, and Canada. Cybercrime victims who filed complaints with the joint FBI/National White Collar Crime Center’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) were from the U.S., male, between 40 and 59 years old, and residents of California, Florida, Texas, or New York while most international complainants were from Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, or India (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2011). With the increased usage of computers and the internet, cyber crimes are on the rise. According to the IC3 2011 Internet Crime Report, there was a 3.4 percent increase from 2010 figures in the complaints filed with the IC3 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2012).

Benefits of online classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Benefits of online classes - Essay Example Therefore, working professionals or recent high school graduates see many reasons to enrol for some or all of their courses online since the benefits are numerous. Online learning offers diverse programs that allow the learners various opportunities. Students have the option of taking the traditional four year degree courses or any other ones. Regardless of the course a student wishes to enrol for, whether nursing or business management, there is an online course or a degree program that they can find. All kinds of academic degrees can also be earned online, form a certificate all the way to a doctorate. The online classes are also comparatively low-priced than the conventional college classes. Nevertheless, not all the online classes are cheaper than the traditional college classes, the costs that are associated with these classes and usually far much cheaper. For instance, there are no costs incurred for commuting and in some cases there are required course materials like books since these are available free online. Colleges and institutes of higher education have started accepting credits that have been earned through massive open online co urses that are free which is the recent advance in online learning. Online classes that are offered in this courses can assist students achieve education requirements at minimal costs. The online classes also offer a comfortable learning environment for the students who enrol for them since physical class sessions do not exist. Materials that are used by the students in the course are sent electronically, after which they read them and work on their assignments. The students do not have to deal with traffic, look for parking spaces or leave their places of employment early to rush to class. The online classes allow students a chance to plan time for classes around their day instead of having to plan the day

Management Portfolio in Civil Engineering Essay

Management Portfolio in Civil Engineering - Essay Example Civil Engineering Projects are executed to achieve specific objectives that are the cause & means of socio-economical & environmental changes. Thus the project management of a civil engineering project need to play the role of social change agents comprising of immense managerial qualities like being futuristic, resilient, optimistic, tenacious, committed, passionate, patient, emotionally intelligent, assertive, persuasive, empathetic, ethical, competent, experienced, etc. In the role of change Agentry the project management should be able to: Every project brings with it a number of challenges - materials management, supply chain management, labour management, storage management, health & safety management, environment management, waste management, delivery management, quality management, legal & statutory management, Risk Management costing management and financials management. In nutshell, the entire civil engineering project requires a wide management portfolio to take care of all these aspects of management and such that the project can be successfully taken to completion. This paper critically examines the essentials of such a Management Portfolio and its application in a Civil Engineering Infrastructure Project. Health, Safety and Environment Management In a large Civil Engineering Infrastructure project, the issues & risks pertaining to health, safety and environment are required to be managed effectively. The global guidelines followed are in line with the recommendations on Safety & Health at Work & the Environment by International Labour Office (ILO-OSH), OHSAS 18001

Analysis of Royale Comfort Seating Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Royale Comfort Seating - Article Example Many of them die. Lives of many workers get disturbed like Ms. Farley is not able to resume a normal life after her occupational injury. The next section of the article, Foam Country, takes the discussion further by describing how work is being done in Royale Comfort Seating, which is located in North Carolina. A polyethylene called slab stock becomes the filling of mattresses, chairs, and cushions. This material arrives in the form of loaves. Cushions are attached to seats with glue. The whole environment gets fogged with glue. The work is tiring, and the workers feel dizziness after they have completed their shifts in the glue filled air at the workplace. They feel quite lightheaded when they leave for homes. This section also talks about the industrialization of North Carolina. The next section, The Chemical’s Use Grows, talks about how the use of nPB glues has become widespread in some past years. It is inexpensive, strong, and reliable. Water-based glues are safer but expensive and can cost millions of dollars to the companies. Initially, companies would use a chemical called 1,1,1-trichloroethane as glue, but since it was thought of as damaging the ozone layer, the companies switched to methylene chloride. That also proved to be very damaging, killing many workers every year. OSHA took action, and companies started using nPB glues, which were as dangerous as the previous brand. So, some companies adopted it while some banned it. Many damages to health due to this glue were reported in the next years. It was found that Royale was not taking safety measures while making use of this glue. There were no fans to eliminate the fumes, and the workers were not provided masks. OSHA has also not regulated the strictness about safety measures. The section, Improvised Remedies, talks about the interviews of Royale’s employees regarding the health damages they faced while working.

Human Resource Info Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Resource Info Systems - Assignment Example the concerned scenario, it has been determined that Castle’s Family Restaurant can be termed as a chain of restaurants comprising eight restaurants spread all over north California. Presently, this restaurant chain is facing an issue regarding effective human resource (HR) management. The prime focus of this discussion will be towards effective evaluation of the current management issue within this restaurant chain. Special emphasis will be provided regarding the implication of Human Resources Information System (HRIS) within the functionality of this restaurant chain to increase the efficiency of the work process and simultaneously save significant amount of time as well as money. Based on the case scenario, it can be ascertained that the name of the business which is being assisted is Castle’s Family Restaurant, a restaurant chain business which is established in north California. It has got multiple branches spread all over the area. The restaurant chain can be considered as a large service sector operating within that area and by taking into consideration its current level growth within United States (US) market, it can be stated that the restaurant business has been attaining gradual success and profit. These restaurant business processes have also been significantly contributing in terms of the nation’s quarterly and annual gross domestic product (GDP) figures (National Restaurant Association, 2014). Taking about the business environment, it can be said that this restaurant chain employs a substantial workforce of around 300-340 employees who are placed in eight restaurants of the business. It serves multiple customers and thus requires effective management (Agarwal & Garg, 2012). Correspondingly, by taking into consideration the present management issue within this restaurant chain, it can be stated that the need of a centralized monitoring and control system is of paramount importance. Currently, the staff and the daily process management within

SABMiller's takeover of Fosters Implementation task Essay

SABMiller's takeover of Fosters Implementation task - Essay Example For instance, British business culture is more formal and there approach is more money oriented. British employees like to engage in work with people, besides the management and leadership put much high emphasis on organization structure. The Australian culture on the other hand is less formal and casual in job situations and above all organization rather than the workforce is the key motivator. Australian managers like to take direct part in the employee progress and have an environment similar to a coaching culture. Additionally, the Australians are more performance oriented rather than power oriented. This is a clear indication that unless SABMiller addresses these imminent cultural differences, the takeover bid may suffer a big blow. The Australian culture will certainly set leadership and management precedence to its organizations, which will be emulated by various managers and leaders. Marvin Weisbord six boxes model, which include purposes, structure, leadership, relationship, reward, and helpful mechanisms, can effectively be used to solve SABMiller takeover bid challenges. Purposes calls for the management to analyse the extent to which organization goals are clear, fits its vision and is upheld by everyone (Sharma , 2007; 72). Structure is the next element, it focuses on how work and communication flows in the organization. Relationships require management to assess the relationship between organization members, people and technology. Reward calls for management to identify what to recognize. Leadership calls for specific leadership style to be applied. Helpful mechanism calls for adequate coordination techniques (Shapiro, 2010). Kotters 8-Step Change Model is also the best solution to SABMiller takeover challenges. Step calls for the management to create urgency by publicizing the urgency around the need for change (Coutts, 2007). Forming a powerful coalition involves convincing everyone about the need for change while

Negative Feedback Essay Example for Free

Negative Feedback Essay Negative feedback is the process by which the outputs tend to reduce the inputs, which causes the system to stabilize. It is found in many functions that organisms carry out on a daily basis, most notably homeostasis. Negative feedback can be seen during the menstrual cycle, during days 5-10 oestrogen levels slowly rise, this increase causes the release of the hormones FSH and LH to be inhibited. Also in low concentrations progesterone has a negative feedback effect on FSH, this means that more follicles cant be stimulated during the second half of the cycle. Moreover, once levels of progesterone are high, it inhibits the production of the hormone LH, meaning the corpus luteum is no longer stimulated to make progesterone, so it could be said that progesterone effectively turns itself off unless pregnancy occurs. Negative feedback can also be witnessed in childhood growth, the pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone, which is used to create the materials necessary to grow. The amount of TSH produced is controlled by negative feedback. Homeostasis, or the maintenance of a constant internal environment is also mainly controlled by negative feedback. For example, thermoregulation works because if the temperature falls below normal the body will initiate a response such as shivering, however as the temperature returns to normal the corrective mechanism will be reduced. Similarily negative feedback also controls Osmoregulation, if osmoreceptors detect change in the concentration of the blood, for example it may be too high the hormone ADH is released which targets the distal convulated tubule, causing it to become more permeable to water so that more is reabsorbed into the blood, reducing the concentration. Negative feedback is also a crucial part of controlling blood glucose levels, for example if the islets of Langerhans detect a fall in blood glucose levels, the alpha cells release glucagon, which in turn activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose within cells so it can be released in to the blood. As the levels of glucose in the blood increase the amount of glucagon released will decrease until it reaches normal. Negative feedback is an essential process that helps regulate many of the processes that enable us to live.

Theories of Development Essay Example for Free

Theories of Development Essay Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) Piaget focuses on cognitive development; he was all about the child centred approach, he believed children are active learners and make sense of the world through their own experiences. Piaget believed that a child develops through a series of pre-determined stages to adulthood and said that a child needs to be at a specific stage of development to learn new concepts. His theory is concerned with the children rather than all learners and it focuses more on the development and not so much the learning which means this theory doesn’t really co-inside with learning of information and specific behaviours. Piaget influences current practise because the EYFS states that we need to have a balance of child initiated activities and children can be independent learners. We also have free flow within the setting which will highlight the child centred approach that Piaget believed in. He has also influenced the approach to managing children’s behaviour through looking at a child’s moral development through their point of view rather than an adult. Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) Freud focuses on the psychoanalytical theory; he was particularly interested in the development of characteristics and personality. Freud believed we have an unconscious mind that is split into three parts and this this makes up our personality; the id, ego and superego. The id is where all our desires and needs come from and can be known as the selfish and passionate component of our personality e.g. a baby will cry and cry to be fed, not thinking of how tired their parent/carer may be. The ego is where we start to consider consequences of our actions and is known as the common sense part of our personalities e.g. if a child wants something but knows they have to ask nicely or wait patiently they will do so in order to meet their needs or desires. The superego is where we start to think about the moral requirements, if you have misbehaved your conscience will affect your ego and make you feel guilty, if you are being rewarded for something good, your ego-ideal will reward your ego with pride and confidence. Freud believed that with age these stages will develop in your personality. Freud influences current practise because we now think about the child’s wants and needs from their point of view. We wouldn’t take away a small child’s comforter because their id has made them believe they want it and need it, they would become very distressed if we did so. Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970) Maslow had a humanist approach to his theory, his theory was about motivation and personality, he believed in a hierarchy of needs and these needs needed to met in order fulfil their potential or ‘self-actualisation’. He believed you would have to reach all previous levels of the pyramid to become a fulfilled person. Maslow believed motivation and personality are linked to our basic needs being met. He also believed that every person has the potential to become self-actualized however some factors can hinder progress i.e. a family’s income being affected through the parent losing their job would affect a few of the hierarchy points. Maslow influences current practise within the early years setting because the professionals need to think about the environment that is being created for the children as well as developing strong relationships. We need to try and meet the basic needs such as warmth, food, shelter and to form a good relationship we need to provide love, care and promote self-esteem. Albert Bandura (born 1925) Bandura has a social learning approach to his theory and this is another behaviourist approach. Bandura believes in conditioning through positive and negative reinforcement, and through observing people around you (observational learning). He believes that if one observes another person they will pick up and learn how to act in certain situations through modelling another person’s behaviour. Bandura’s behaviourist approach shows he does believe that not all observed actions will lead to a change in behaviour, if a child observes someone they may just take in the information rather than modelling what they have observed. Bandura influences current practise because we praise positive behaviour in order for children to do it again and ignore negative behaviour in hoping the children wouldn’t repeat it. We also act as good role models for the children to observe and copy our behaviour i.e. being polite with please and thank you, sharing and being kind to our friends. B. F Skinner (1904 – 1990) Skinner is known for developing the behaviourist approach but he also has the operant conditioning approach to his theory. He believed we would shape behaviour; we would promote desired behaviour with rewards such as stickers, praise, attention and treats, and positive reinforcement would help aid in learning. He also believed in reinforcing undesired behaviour with punishment in hoping this would stop children from repeating this behaviour. He also believes the rewards and reinforcement should be done in good time after the behaviour has occurred or it would not have the desired effect i.e. straight away, if delayed it may not register to the child what behaviour caused for this. The rewards and reinforcement shouldn’t be expected all the time so frequency needs to be considered, its best to not reward or reinforce every time, this would mean they wouldn’t expect it all the time and would constantly show wanted behaviour because unexpectedly they would receive a reward and would want this again. Skinner influences current practise because we have behaviour policies that families have to comply with. We also praise good behaviour and when a child achieves something we reward with stickers. We try to avoid undesired behaviour happening again by using punishments such as time out. John B. Watson (1878 – 1958) Watson was a behaviourist theorist; his theory is that classical conditioning offers a basic explanation of how a child can develop through learning by association, e.g. when the fire bell goes off, children will associate it with lining up. Some of his work was based on showing phobia’s and association, e.g. some children have a fear of needles because they associate this with the pain they felt before. Watson influences current practise because we now have routines and have set areas for certain activities, e.g. when we are sat at the red table this will be for arts and design. Social Pedagogy Social pedagogy is about the holistic wellbeing and education, it is a shared responsibility between parents and society as a whole. It develops children and young people’s knowledge of what is expected of them as an individual in society. It helps them gain skills in learning, coping with emotions and physical skills; it’s there to teach children and young people how to become a valued member of society. Social pedagogy has a hands on approach to the younger generation and believes that it is not just up to the parents to do all the upbringing but it is the society too. Social pedagogy influences current practise because the Eyfs states that we should work in partnership with the parents, we also have government run settings such as sure start and these other help to families who haven’t had the best start in life. All of the theorists have different approaches and views but all give something to the current practise that we work alongside with.

How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay

How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay The beginning of the 21rst century started with big scandals that raised some issues on corporate social responsibility and on ethics policies inside companies. This essay says about the how important is it companies to be seen as ethicals today? Yes because it will cause to a win-win situation for everybody concerned. If a company having and maintaining ethical standards will guarantee consumers and workers that they could belief the company. Meanwhile, Companies could be rest guaranteed that, with the belief of their stakeholders, their business will continue to develop. Companies dont have to be legally but they can do morally Public interest in business has never been higher than it has is currently. In considering the past thirty years of business ethics experiences, two conclusions may be drawn. attention in business ethics has heightened during each past forty decades. Interest in business ethics and corporate social responsibility seems to have been spurred by major headline grabbing scandals.( Sims 2003) This essay traces the basic ideas of ethics and applied ethics fuscous on company ethics theoretical view, and the important of ethical behaviours, and steps for developing an effective code of ethics, business ethics in global economy And some more further informations are contains in this essay. Definition of Ethics The theory has come to mean various things to various people, but generally in the context of organizations coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing whats right this is in observe to effects of products/services and in relationships with stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, and local/national community. In times of fundamental change, values that were previously taken for granted are now strongly questioned. For example, life long employment is considered one of the best policies of organizations. However in the changed competitive situations we find that downsizing, delivering, outsourcing production systems raise questions about the fundamental premise of previously laid down good practices. Consequently, there is no clear moral compass to guide leaders through complex problems about what is right or wrong. Attention to ethics in the workplace sensitizes leaders and staff to how they should act. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics i n the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are struggling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass.(web 1) What is business ethics? Business ethics focuses on what is right and wrong behaviour in the business word. It has to do with how businesses apply moral and ethical principles to situations that arise in the work place. Because business decision makers must often address more complex ethical issues in the work place than they face in their personal lives, business ethics is more complicated than personal ethics. (Roger 2009) Why business ethics is necessary During the early part of the 2000s, the United kingdom public was shocked as one business ethics scandal after another became headline news. Business ethics is necessary for companies, business ethical is vital not because it is fashionable though business can ill afford to ignore anything, however silly, which seriously influences the market in which it operates, rather business ethics is necessary because ethical choices are unavoidable. The business ethics challenge is to make that predictable ethical decision making explicit so as to make it better. Far from being anti business, business ethics actually provides essential support for maximising long term owner value (MALACHOWSKI A 1997) Ethical behaviour report in UK. According To IBE research in UK Sixty percent of people dont trust business leaders to tell the truth. The public wants business to behave more fairly, ethically, and increasingly, a commitment to ethical practice is a standard for stakeholders. Having a code of ethics is a powerful tool, but only if it is rooted in the core values of the business. According to MORI research in 2009 theyfound that 80% of the public believe that large companies have a moral responsibility to societybut 61% also thought large companies dont really care Reflecting this, companies following a code of ethics were found, over five years, to have outperformed those who did not, according to  IBE research in April 2003. 90% of FTSE 100 have a code- but only 43% of FTSE 250 businesses do While 90% of FTSE 100 companies have a code of ethics or business conducts, only 43% of those in the FTSE 250 have codes. Quality varies from excellent to poor and having a code is no assurance that it will be followed. To be effective a code needs to be set in into a company.(web 2) Why should a company Be Ethical? There is already something odd about this question. It is like asking, Why are bachelors unmarried? They are unmarried by definition. If they were married, they would not be bachelors. It is the same with ethics. To say that one should do something is another way of saying it is ethical. If it is not ethical, then one should not do it. (web2) An organization has to be ethical in its behaviour because it has to exist in the competitive world. We can find a number of reasons for being ethical in behaviour. Few of them given below: most people want to be ethical in their business dealings. Values give management credibility with its employees. Only perceived moral righteousness and social concern brings employment respect. Values help better decision making. There are some reasons why business should seen as ethically To protect its own interest To protect the interest of the business community as a whole so that the public will have trust it To keep its commitment to society to act ethically To meet stakeholders expectations To prevent harm to the general public To build trust with key stakeholder groups To protect there own reputations To protect their own employees and create an environment in which workers can act in ways consistent their values Besides, if a corporation reneges in its agreements and expected others to keep theirs, What are the benefits form managing ethics? Several advantages accrue to an enterprise if it is managed ethically. They are following Attention to business ethics has substantially improved society: establishment of anti trust laws, unions, and other regulatory bodies has contributed to the development of society. There was a time when discriminations and abuse of employees were high, the fight equality and fairness in workplace ended up in establishing certain low which benefited the society Ethical practice has contributed towards high productivity and strong team work: Organization being collection of individuals, the values reflected will be different from that of the organization. Constant check and dialogue will ensure that the value of the employee matches the values of the organisation. This will in turn result in better cooperation and increased productivity. Changing situations requires ethical education: during unstable times, when confusion becomes the order of the day. One must have clear ethical guidelines to take right decisions. Ethical training will be of great help in those situations. Such training will enable managers manning corporations to anticipate situations and equip themselves face them directly. Ethical practices create strong public image: organizations with strong ethical practices will possess a strong image along with the public. This image would lead to strong and continued loyalty of employees, consumers and general public. Conscious implementation of ethics in organizations becomes the cornerstone for the success and image of the organization. It is because of this ethical perception that the employees of TESCO and the general public protested in 1977 when the minister for industries attempted to nationalized the company in India. Strong ethical practices act as an insurance: if a company have strong ethical practices of the organization are an added advantage for the future function of the business. In the long run, it would benefit if the organization is equipped to withstand the competition (Fernando 2009) Steps for a company wishing to develop its own corporate ethics programme 1) Find a champion The Chief executive officer is organized to drive the introduction of a business ethics policy, the chances of it being a useful tool are not high. 2) Get support from the Chairman and the Board Corporate values and ethics are matters of control. The board must be enthusiastic not only about having such a policy but also about receiving regular reports on its operation. 3) Find out what bothers people basically supporting a standard code or copying that of another will not suffice. It is important to find out on what topics employees require guidance. 4) Pick a well-tested model Use a agenda which addresses issues as they affect different constituents or shareholders of the company such ad shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, and local/national community 5) Produce a company code of conduct This should be distributed in booklet form, company internet, annual report. Guidance on how the code works should also be included. 6) Try it out first The code needs piloting perhaps with a sample of employees drawn from all levels and different locations. An external party such as the Institute of Business Ethics will comment on drafts. 7) Issue the code and make it known Publish and send the code to all employees, suppliers and others. State publicly that the company has a code and carrying out programme that covers the whole company. Put it on your Web Site and send it to joint-venture and other partners. 8) Make it work Practical examples of the code in action should be introduced into all company internal (and external) training programmes as well as induction courses. Managers should sign off on the code regularly and a review mechanism should be established. A code master needs to be appointed.(web 3) Conclusion In this essay illustrates How important is it for companies today to be seen as ethical, in this competitive business world ethical behaviours are very important, because consumers education level and the ethical behaviour point of thoughts are high these days, and the media such as news papers, radios , television channels and the social networks(face book) all are highlight and focus companies un ethical behaviours. How ever now days people also like to deal with ethical companies. Consumers social and environmental view highly increased in the recent years, so companies should be seen like as ethical today.

Hades Essay -- essays research papers

The ancient Greeks portrayed the underworld as a place for all the dead and clearly visualized it in their myths and legends. The underworld in Greek mythology was not a lively place, for it was where all the dead souls went. When a person died, the soul would be sent to Hades, a more formal name for the underworld. "The dead would go to Hades because there was no annihilation in the Greek mythology. The dead are dead because they have a flavorless and unhappy existence". The primary ruling god of the underworld is Hades whose brother is Zeus, king of the gods, and whose parents are Cronus and Rhea. Hades is a greedy god with his greatest concern being to increase the number of his subjects. He is very stubborn about letting people out of the underworld. Hades himself, rarely leaves the underworld. In one myth, however, we know of a time when he did leave his soulful domain. Hades became very lonely in the underworld, and went above and kidnapped Demeter’s daughter, Persephone, for his wife.Persephone, nonetheless, was not Hades’ only significant other. Hades had a mistress called Minthe whom Persephone later transformed into a plant. Hades is also known as the god of wealth due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He has been said to possess a helmet that was given to him by the Cyclops. This helmet has been said to make him invisible. Hades lent it to gods and mortal men. Perseus used the helmet on his quest for Medusa’s head and Athena, goddess of battle skills, put to use the helmet so the god of war, Ares, could not notice her. Persephone, Hades’ wife, is the goddess of spring and the Queen of the underworld. She resides in the underworld for only six months of the year due to Hades kidnapping her. She was told not to eat anything for then she would have to remain in the underworld. While in the underworld, Persephone consumed six pomegranate seeds. Her mother Demeter, goddess of agriculture, threw a fit. Demeter complained to her brother Zeus. To be fair, Zeus stated that Persephone would have to remain in the underworld one month per seed each year. So, Persephone now resides in the underworld six months out of every year. When the Olympians overthrew their father Cronus, the Olympians drew straws to see who would rule what part of world. Even though Hades, also known as the Roman God Pluto, drew the straw for the underworld, there... ...h crystal windows; and because there is little or no sunshine thereabouts, the apartments are illuminated with diamond lamps. One tradition involving the underworld occurs above Hades. When a person died someone would place a coin under the tongue of the victim. Charon, the ferryman, would not take any soul across the River Styx who did not have the coin. Those who didn’t would roam the banks of the river for eternity. Achilles once said to Odysseus when he entered the underworld on his journey home to Ithaca "Do not speak soothingly to me of death, glorious Odysseus. I should choose to serve as the hireling of another, rather than to be lord over the dead that have perished". In reference to the River of Forgetfulness, Plato said "They were all required to drink a measure of the water, and those who were not saved by their good sense, drank more than the measure, and each one as he drank forgot all things". Therefore, the Underworld was a place of internity. The Greeks believed strongly of the Underworld and displayed it in their myths and legends. From courageous heroes to punished miscreants their was a place for everyone, living and dead, in the Underworld.

Slime molds :: essays research papers

slime mold slime mold or slime fungus,a heterotrophic organism once regarded as a fungus but later classified with the Protista. In a recent system of classification based on analysis of nucleic acid (genetic material) sequences, slime molds have been classified in a major group called the eukarya (or eukaryotes), which includes plants and animals. There are two groups of slime molds, the plasmodial slime molds of the phylum (division) Myxomycota and the cellular slime molds of Acrasiomycota. Slime molds have complex life cycles that may be divided into an animallike motile phase, in which growth and feeding occur, and a plantlike, immotile, reproductive phase. The motile phase is commonly found under rotting logs and damp leaves, where cellulose is abundant. It consists in the cellular slime molds of solitary, amebalike cells, and in the Myxomycota of a coenocytic (multinucleate) mass of protoplasm called a plasmodium, which creeps about by ameboid movement. Plasmodia often grow to a diameter of several inches and are frequently brightly colored. Both types ingest solid food particles using a process called phagocytosis (see endocytosis). They feed on living microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, as well as decaying vegetation. Before entering the reproductive stage, a plasmodium moves to a drier, better-lit place, such as the top of a log. In the amebalike, or cellular, slime molds, up to 125,000 individual cells aggregate and flow together, forming a multicellula r mass called a pseudoplasmodium that resembles a slug and crawls about before settling in a location with acceptable warmth and brightness. In the reproductive stage the plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium is transformed into one or more reproductive structures called fruiting bodies, each consisting of a stalk topped by a spore-producing capsule that resembles the reproductive structures of many fungi. Eventually the cellulose-walled spores are released and dispersed; they germinate in wet places, releasing naked cells. In a typical plasmodial slime mold the germinated spores go through an ameboid or flagellated swimming stage, followed by sexual fusions and cell divisions. The diploid ameboid cell (i.e., the zygote) grows and its nucleus divides repeatedly, resulting in the formation of a new plasmodium. Under adverse conditions a plasmodium may be transformed into a hard, dry, inactive mass called a sclerotium. Resistant to desiccation, it becomes a plasmodium again when favorable conditions return. In the case of the cellular slime molds, each spore released becomes a single ameba, which feeds individually until starving cells release a chemical signal that causes them to aggregate into a new pseudoplasmodium, and the process is repeated.

Nature vs. Nurture Essay -- Heredity and Environment

Abstract Nature vs. nurture has been discussed by philosophers in the past and by scientists more recently. Philosophers such as Plato argued that all knowledge was inherited from your parents and when you were told something you didn’t learn it you were just reminded of it. Aristotle however argued that all humans were born with a blank slate and built on it with influence from there environment. In the 1700’s the empiricists and the internalists took over the argument. They fought through letters explaining there point of views and denouncing the others. This leads to Pavlov coming up with the idea of behaviorism in the early 1900‘s. Behaviorism became the new wave of Psychology and influenced a lean towards the nurture side. It was not effectively argued against until 1928 when Watson published his book. This opened up the floodgates for environmental influences studies. Soon the idea of nurture was the popular excuse for behavior. Studies using animals were the most po pular was in which scientists used to prove a theory, or disprove a theory. The newest studies use human twins to prove nature vs. nurture. An age-old question has been asked for generations before us. What is the reasons behind the development of human behavior? There have been many theories formulated to explain why humans behave the way they do. Explanations vary from demonology to magnetic fluids controlling people’s behaviors. Over time, two theories have remained popular in academic fields such as philosophy and psychology. The surviving theories for behavior stem from physiological and sociological explanations. However, the two explanations have not always been compatible with each other. The famous nature vs. nurture debate over human behavior resulted from conflicting views between proponents of the physiological (nature) and sociological (nurture) explanations. Throughout history, research has swayed popularity back and forth between the theories. Yet, theorists have broken down the line separating nature and nurture. Today, people us both explanations in research to advance the knowledge of human behavior. Thousands of years before the field of psychology, philosophers pondered on human behavior. As early as 350 BC, such philosophers as Plato and Aristotle tried to understand behavior. The question of nature or nurture as the primary drive can be traced to these... ...y the effects of each in development. In these future studies, more groundbreaking advances will be made to aid humans in better understanding human behavior. In the end, that is what both sides of the nature vs. nurture debate intended to accomplish. Bibliography Amsel, A. (1989). Behaviorism, Neobehaviorism, and Cognitivism in Learning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum,. Ashcraft, M. (1998). Fundamentals of Cognition. New York, NY: Longman. Barnet, A. (1998). The Youngest Minds. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. Cowie, F. (1999). What’s Within?. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Devlin, B. (1997). Intelligence, Genes, and Success. New York, NY: Copernicus. Deutschmann, Linda B. (2002). Deviance and Social Control Third Edition. Scarborough,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ON: Nelson Thomson Learning. Fujita, Frank. (2000). Nature vs. Nurture. 3/15/2002 from http://folk.uio.no/roffe/faq/node   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.html McGraw, M. (1995). Beyond Heredity and Environment. San Francisco, CA: Westview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press. Modgil, S. (1987). B.F. Skinner: Consensus and Controversy. New York, NY: Falmer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press. Myers, David G. (2001). Psychology Sixth Edition. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Preparing For Science Course Essay

Preparing for any subject or course is a good thing to do for one to fully appreciate the course, especially for a science course. In a science course, there are a lot of new things you will learn, particularly new technical terms/concepts/ideas. And planning for every class session would be helpful to maximize your learning potential. The question is, â€Å"How would you plan for the science course?† To start off, first you should develop good habits for an effective study. You should learn the habit of effective time management and discipline. Always do your homework early and prioritize your studies above anything else. You should also learn a habit of challenging yourself. This would make you more competitive and determined. Next you need to develop active listening and class participation skill. To do this, you should have a focus on lecturer given by your professor. Try to be analytical when listening. Ask questions to your professor if you are confused or uncertain about the concepts that have been discussed. In addition to this, try to be open-minded and appreciative for you to fully understand the ideas being relayed to you by your professor. You should also take down notes while your professor is giving a lecture. Organize your notes by creating spaces in your notebook, like central space for important points/ideas, marginal space for annotation, and condensing space for a brief summary of the lecture. A good set of lecture notes will be very helpful in preparing for exams, since this will refresh your knowledge regarding the previous lessons discussed in the class.   Lastly, you should develop a good strategy for taking an exam. Always prepare yourself before going to class; your professor might give a surprise quiz. Whenever you have a scheduled exam, be sure to arrive early. This would give you time to relax your mind and body, and avoid loss of concentration before and during the exam. Answer first the questions you are certain of and with high points. If the exam is a multiple choice type, be very intuitive; use your common sense and make smart educated guess. For essay type exams, think first before you write your essay. Concentrate on the idea of what is being asked in the question. Always allot some time before the end of the exam to review your answers. This will prevent mistakes made by stupidity or carelessness. After getting the result of the exam, try to analyze your answers. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid them during the next tests. Always set your previous exam as a standard; do your best to improve your performance in the next exams. Lastly, determine and implement the best study strategy for you. Reference: Smoot, J. (2008).Tips for preparing for a class. Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://www.helium.com/items/357485-being-prepared-class-understanding

Play Station 3 Essay

Play Station 3 is the best multimedia console out so far. Such multimedia contents include a Blu- ray player, a HD DVD/ DVD player, a CD, and a Super Audio Cd Player. Some models of the PS3 Have something in them called the EMOTION CHIP, which is a fancy term for being able to play PS2 games, but all models have the ability to play PS1 games. As far as Graphics go the PS3 has the ability to display up to and over 550 MHz. You might be wondering what the hell is MHz( MEGA Hertz), well MEGA Hertz is Graphics card in the hardware of the PS3. MEGA Hertz or ant type of Hertz is a type of processor that gives the system the ability to display hundreds, thousands, or even millions or billions of pixels per second. capable of displaying over 65 HD frames per second. All of this graphics can’t be displayed on even the most recent computers, this is the most MHz’s out in any gaming console EVER!. The Connectivity of this console is outstanding, stellar, excellent! This awesome console can have a blue tooth headset, Six axis controller, and a Dual Shock 3 controller connected to the system wirelessly. Up to 4 Six axis, or Dual Shock 3 controllers connected to the system simultaneously, but that is the hardware speaking: more connectivity includes Cables such as the HDMI cable. Now the HDMI cable is for the best sound, picture, and quality when hooked up to an HD Tv, now if you don’t have an HD Tv but you have a Tv with 480i, or 720, and or 1080p, not 1080i, you can just go to Game stop to purchase a audio/video out with a high quality switch. A regular A/V cable for NSTC Tv s   comes with the product. The PS3’s hardware is very complex with a lot of the newest hardware used in most recent Computers, Hardware include a slot-loading 2x speed Blu- ray Disc drive for Games, DVD, BD DVD, CD’s, PS2/PS1 format games and Super audio CD’s. Plus a new IBM-designed CELL Microprocessor as its CPU. Graphics in hardware handled by the NVIDIA RSX ‘Reality Synthesizer’, which is used to support High Definition. Build in memory: 256 MB of XDR and 256 of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX. The system also has Bluetooth 2.0, Ethernet connectivity port, USB 2.0 and HDMI 1.3a. The PS3’s system hardware has been used for Super computer for High-Performance Computing, and WI-FI networking. PS3 owner will be able to use other operating systems besides XMB because Linux is pre-installed.   And thats why I think the PS3 is much much better than the XBOX 360!

A Friend I Will Never Forget Essay

There are people who you call friends ans ther are some that make you feel special like nobody else in the world. Well, I met somebody like that and there isn’t anybody that I have come into contact with more sweet and considerat like he is. With him the word friends has a totally different meaning. Our genuine friendship isn’t spurious. It is true and genuine. When hard times arise, he comes and lays his firm, manly hands on my shoulders and when I look into his cherubic face,it assures me that everything will be alright. I told him ny utter most deepest secrets that I never told anyone, and he gave me an oath of trust and secrecy that he wouldn’t tell anyone. We’ve been friends for four whole years and our friendshiip has become stronger each year. Wherever he was i was right there with him like an accomplice in a murder. His diligent, stern, upfront attituse attracted me to him because friends like them didn’t take lowness and I like that about p eople. Then, there was a problem. he wasn’t talking as much and his comely appearance changed into a pensive gaze. I often found him in a morose mood and I would share my thoughts and feelings his mind was opaque like a thick wall and it seemed like I was talking to myself. Then breaking the silence I asked him what happened. His face was blank, but he then told me that he was moving to another city far away from here because his parents had gotten a job tranfer. I was motionless, acting the same way he was acting when I first saw him. I saw the tears trickle from his lonely eyes rolling down his black cheeks like snowballs in an avalanche. This then moved me. i could feel the water pouring out of my eyes like a weary dam giving way after the persistent river breaks through. I groped for his hands and we vowed again, like the first vow we had mad when we first decided to be best friends, not to ever forget one another and to write whenever each of us could. I gave hin something that he could remember me by, and he gave me a cherm which read â€Å"FRIENDS LIKE US†. I will keep that charm close to me because it is priceless, and not like any other gift this one is priceless. He was a friend I will never forget. Read more:  Meaning of a Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed

Professional Ethics

Running head: PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Professional Ethics Donna Noha University of Phoenix Professional Ethics We as nurses are accountable for our ethical conduct. So what are ethics? How are ethics different from our morals? In this paper, I will define what ethics are, describe the significance of professional ethics to nursing practice, summarize the purpose and the contexts of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics, and finally discuss two the provisions of the ANA Code of Ethics. So are morals different from ethics? Morals and ethics are similar. Morals are an individual’s belief or personal standard of what is right and wrong, whether it is someone’s conduct, attitude, or character. Ethics can be referred to as beliefs, standards, or morals of a specific group, such as nurses (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006). Nursing practice has its own professional ethics. The nursing codes of ethics are formal statements of standards for professional conduct and inform the public of its commitment. What do nurses do with this Code of Ethics? Nurses have more of a moral responsibility due to having knowledge in a specialized area to help other people. Duties of a nurse are to protect and maximize the patient’s well-being, even if we are not working. For example, if there is car accident that a nurse witnesses and there are injured people, that nurse has the responsibility to take act within her nursing skills to help the injured. The significance of ethics in nursing practice is very important. Nurses have to think of the client’s health, well being, and their morals instead of only of their own. The ANA created the Scope and Standard of Practice, which include the Nurse Code of ethics. But what does that Code of Ethics entail? The ANA Code of Ethics was designed so that every nurse must act and think certain ways ensuring that the patient’s rights are protected as well as the nurse’s rights are protected. The Code of Ethics provides rules and standard for nurses to maintain and elicit ethical behavior that is expected when practicing nursing in any health care settings. The Code also gives guidance for decision making that concerns ethical issues. ( Hooks & White, 2003) The Code of Ethics consists of nine provisions. The first three provisions deal with fundamental values and responsibilities that the nurse assumes. The next three involve the nurse’s duties to oneself, accountability, and improvement. The last three discuss the nurse’s responsibility of professional advancement, collaboration, and the overall concern of human rights (Hooks & White, 2003). Provision two and three of the Code of Ethics for Nurses states â€Å"the nurse’s primary commitment is the patient† and â€Å"the nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006)† These two provisions fit well together. The main concern is of the patient’s well being and best interest. This means that the patient is number one priority for the nurse. The nurse will be that patient’s advocate and speak on his/her behalf and informs the patient of treatment. For example, when performing minor procedures in my clinic, it is my responsibility to ensure that the patient signs the consent form stating that he/she knows why the procedure is being done, risks and benefits of both the procedure being done or not, and that they have a right to refuse treatment. A lot of the times, the provider doesn’t explain everything, so it is my ethical responsibility to ask questions for the patient so they understand everything. These provisions have ethical principles of nursing practice that apply to each of the nine provisions. Key ethical principles used in provision two and three include autonomy because the nurse respects the patient’s decisions. Nonmaleficence and beneficence is also key principles in these provisions. These two are basic principles of nursing practice. The nurse will have the patient’s best interest in mind and will do no harm to the patient. In conclusion, I have discussed what professional ethics are and how they are based on morals and the significance in nursing practice. I also discussed that the purpose of the ANA Code of Ethics is to serve as a standard of practice and that in contains nine provisions. Of those nine, I discussed provision two and three with key principles for those. References Blais, K. , Hayes, J. , Kozier, B. , & Erb, G. (2006). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Hooks, K. G. & White, G. B. (2003). ANA's code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements independent study module. American Nurses Association. Retrieved June 1, 2009, from http://www. nursingworld. org/mods/mod580/cecdetoc. htm

Education ethics Essay

Formulating my Philosophy of education seems difficult, but has taught me what we as educators have to focus on, we have to concentrate on what unites us in our career choice, we have to always remember that we are providing a service, and the customer is our number 1 priority. Education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. Philosophy is a human being’s attempt to think speculatively, reflectively, and systematically about the universe and the human relationship to that universe. To educate a child, a lot of things have to be considered, we have to know why we teach, what to teach and how to teach. Knowledge of the students is very vital. I believe that every learner†¦.. * Is unique, for he is fearfully & wonderfully created by God, & so comparing a child to other children has no basis. * Has a natural interest in learning & is capable of learning * Has different learning styles & aptitudes * Has a delicate mind * Has worth and can learn I believe that there are unchanging values in changing times & these must be passed on to every child by my modeling. I believe being given the opportunity to instruct the youth of today and the leaders of tomorrow requires high moral and ethical standards to be met. Teachers, although they are still human, need to be held to a higher level of accountability than most other professions. We are not only being expected to instruct subject matter, but to set standards for the social ability of our students. This list of ethics would not only strengthen the profession, but society as a whole. I know it is difficult to enforce codes of ethics and morality, but as does a physician swear to hold up ethical standards, so should our teachers. Being entrusted with such a remarkable opportunity to mold our society requires an unwavering commitment. I believe that education should be a process of ongoing growth, not just preparation for becoming an adult. I believe that my task as a teacher is to facilitate the development of every child to the optimum & to maximum by: * Reaching out to all children without bias & prejudice towards the least of the children. * Touching the lives of thousands of youth, promote their wellness, and educate their minds. * Providing a quality education to each individual in ones classroom * Equipping children with tools necessary for success in life. We get into teaching because we believe we can make a difference even if only in the life of one child, and it makes it all worth it. And we come across the students whose lives we have impacted and we know that what we do does make a difference. † I feel that to educate the entire child more than one personal education philosophy is needed. A teacher needs to discover what philosophy or philosophies work in today’s classroom dependent upon the teacher and on society. It is my goal for my students to have complimenting dimensions, a strong individualistic nature that works and plays well with other members of society.

HR planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR planning - Essay Example This paper reviews an article titled Consider Outsourced Training that was published on Workforce, an online HR magazine, on December 23, 2014. The analysis is based on Part II of Strategic Human Resources Planning, 5th Canadian Edition titled HR Planning. 1. Analyze the organization and the industry within which it operates: The author of the article argues that different companies operating in different industries have different training needs. For instance, there are firms operating in highly dynamic industries such as electronic manufacturing. For such firms, it is paramount that employees stay abreast as far as industry innovations are concerned. Otherwise, they risk getting stuck in outdated technologies that would ultimately lead to the firm losing their competitive edge. 2. Identify a specialized training firm that meets the needs of the organization:Whereas there will be several potential service providers, the organization must do due diligence to ensure that they settle on a service that possesses the needed competencies. 3. Consider the mode of training:besides conventional classroom-based training, today increasingly more and more training programs are delivered online. The mode of training an employer settles on should be informed factors such as the nature of the work of the employees. 4. Sign a well-thought contract:A carefully thought and drafted agreement safeguards the interests of the parties involved. In addition, the agreement will minimize the possibility of conflicts by specifying the rights and obligations of each partner. 5. Consider the advantages of outsourced training besides saving money: Besides helping the organization save money, outsourced training helps the organization to free up some time. That time can be invested in the core activities of the organization. The authors of the textbook concur that while training is not a core activity of the organization, it is important to the organization and staff for several

How did the French Revolution inspire Romanticism and why Essay

How did the French Revolution inspire Romanticism and why - Essay Example Romanticism, therefore, turned to an assessment of imperialism and materialism of an industrial community. Although the French revolution enabled romanticism to gain popularity, it turned romantics against it. The French revolution in an immense way influenced the era of romanticism and most of it in a positive way. The French revolution significantly inspired interest in the portrayal of modern-day events, although there was evidence of detailed paintings that were done before the revolution (Mosse, 1989). The French revolution was inspired by the enlightenment era which led to a period of anticipation and optimism. Artists in France chose to represent their happenings in highly detailed forms of art. Their leader Napoleon demanded that their achievements should be displayed in detailed pictures. Napoleon wanted everything to be remembered and, therefore, pictures would do the representation better. Paintings that also represented individual suffering were represented in â€Å"The Raft of the Medusa.† rudiments of romanticism can be establish in art, music and literature and other forms of writings (Mosse,1989). Napoleons invasions can be attributed to dispersal of reforms across Europe. The Romantic Movement also helped shape the political movements such as the French revolution, and it was also shaped by the revolution. Both played a significant part in the creation of nationalism among the citizens. The romantics were ready to end the terrible reign and would do everything possible to improve the society. The French revolution helped cultivate the idea that rebuilding of the society was achievable. The revolution built on the Enlightenment plan of advancement that society could improve. The romantics, therefore, began embracing their history and displayed it in the form of art and music. The revolution inspired them and they started looking at their ancestral origins as a source of inspiration. The romantics during those times were focused on ending the reign of terror. It seems that they had the same vision as the people of France who wanted to break away from the monarchy. Romanticism developed to being a philosophy, which could not match the power that the French revolution had (Friedrich). The French revolution brought about the change that the romantic philosophers so much desired. Before the French revolution, the romantics lived in an oppressive society with no or little freedom. The romantics wanted a strong group to intervene and help them attain a stable government and a strong sense of individuality. Their society was particularly divided, and they could not write anything that was not acceptable. This made them desire so much for freedom. The rise of the French revolution, therefore, enabled people to be capable of putting across their feelings in whichever way they wished. The French revolution had a significant impact on the European lifestyle in the nineteenth century. A significant wave of emotion was spread thr oughout the society. The French revolution introduced new laws for the citizens. It also resulted in change, in both literature and art (Doyle). Romanticism is largely responsible for shaping the world to a better place to live. The French revolution was the climax of the romantic philosophy. The revolution provided with problems, which acted as a basis for the romantic literature and art. The French revol

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Biology - Essay Example In combination with cloning such genetic material was able to bring about the desired change in a plant’s genes. This technique was accurate, fast and inexpensive (Wilmut). The process of making identical copies of living matter like cells or organisms is termed as cloning. These copies are called clones and they are genetically identical. Several organisms employ the technique of cloning, in order to reproduce (Wilmut). As such this process entails the obtention of identical copies from the parent. This process is asexual and results from the mitosis of a single fertilized egg (clone ). Cloning techniques are utilized by scientists to create exact copies of cells or organisms that possess valuable characteristics. Researchers in the area of cloning are always on the lookout for its application to medicine, biological research and industry (Wilmut). Scientists have applied this cloning technique to even animals, and have successfully produced animals that have considerable immunity to disease. The day is not far off, when scientists will use cloning to increase the number of members in endangered species, and also regenerate species that have become extinct (Wilmut). In respect of the cloning of animals, scientists had cloned frogs by the 1950’s. This process enabled scientists to create animals that had the genetic properties of just one parent. In the course of this technique, the genetic material of the egg cell had been supplanted by DNA of the adult frog’s body cell’s nucleus. Subsequently, these modified cells went through all the stages of a normal fertilized egg and culminated in an embryo (clone ). The cloning technology has considerable application in industry. Bacteria, that eat toxic substances like gasoline or industrial chemicals that cause pollution, are obtained in significant quantities by the cloning process. These cloned bacteria are as efficient as the parent bacteria in

Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Statement of purpose - Essay Example Working as a creative artist for an events management company and then as an accounts executive in an advertising agency, my career prospects have been hopefully bright. This experience has inspired me to further my knowledge of the complex business world by pursuing an MBA course of study with greater emphasis on international business strategy. I fervently hope that the level of expertise and intelligence obtained from an MBA program of study specifically from California State University, Los Angeles, could help me become a professional business executive capable of successfully piecing together the vast puzzle of literature on the subject of international business to arrive at convincing solutions. I am confident I have a highly appropriate academic background as shown by my current level of education to join the community of scholars in your prestigious MBA program. While in college, I participated in diverse extra and intra-curricular activities that allowed me to develop my creative capabilities in designing and executing highly ambitious marketing campaigns. Further I am also interested in marketing research that has a broader applicatory significance in multicultural societies. I was attracted by the very seminal and the broader perspective-centric nature of the contents of the MBA program of study at the California State University, Los Angeles. To be sure it’s not only an academic qualification that I am interested in. In fact I am looking for a significant experience in an enriching academic environment. In other words what I have been fundamentally attracted towards in the CSU, Los Angeles is the very curriculum content based on enhancing the student’s analytical skills in competitive business environments. I am sure my ambition to be a marketing manager with particular emphasis on brand management strategy would go a long way despite the

Remote Sensing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Remote Sensing - Assignment Example The assignment "Remote Sensing" talks about the topography maps and what colours are used to describe different areas on this kind of maps. The bright color of the area A on a map shows an area on the earth surface without vegetative cover. Featured area A is possibly a snow-capped area in the landscape. Featured area A may also represent a well that has liquids such as natural gas or body of water. The feature A is visible around mountain areas in a streaming shape that shows the flow in the direction towards low altitude areas. Featured area A reflects light to produce a different color from the area B and C. Assuming Landsat scale resolution of 1800 by 1200, the length of the feature at A is 3 miles. The Bright dots beside B show areas of that do not have vegetation cover. Exposed areas appear brown in the satellite image compared to areas at B that have vegetation cover. Although the bright spots do not appear very similar to feature A, they depict relations. Bright dots are a small representation of feature A. The white color suggests C is an area at the mountaintop; the bright color is because of sunlight reflection. The area at the tip of the mountain has no vegetation. The region consists of bare rocks that reflect back sunlight. The topography of the area is mountainous the altitude rises towards C with region C suggestively mountain top with no vegetation characterized by the bright colors. Towards regions A and B, the altitude falls with regions B representing a flat base of the low altitude region.

SEE Business Services Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SEE Business Services - Literature review Example However, various factors might result to this kind of scenario. For instance, the ever-changing business environment will push many business people and entrepreneurs to seeking more information on how they can utilize the business opportunity effectively. Because of this, the membership will increase because one of the objectives of the organization is to develop members. Additionally, the members have a forum to share their experiences and educate each other on various business and entrepreneurial ventures. Another major cause of increase in membership is favorable business environment that will encourage business hence the need for people to join the organization in order to gain knowledge. The driving force for this is that the organization provides an environment of sharing between members. Moreover, the organization encourages and celebrates outstanding business practices. Similarly, a favorable business environment will lead to an increased number of businesses and as a result, more people would want to join the organization in order to benefit and improve their business (Franz & Huemer 2007, p.6). Consequently, a favorable business environment will also lead to an increased number of entrepreneurs hence increasing the number of people who want to join the organization. ... Furthermore, the organization is bridging an information gap that exists in the market hence many want to join and benefit from the services that it offers. Another reason for the sharp increase in the number of people wanting to join the organization is the few number of organization that offer similar services. These are some of the courses for the increasing number of people that want to become members of the organization. However, for the organization to manage this increase effectively without negatively affecting the value of services it provides then it needs to develop smaller business development teams at the regional level that will deal with all the needs and concerns of members. These business development teams will perform a similar function as those in the head office in order to, effectively, manage the rising number of members without having a breakdown. However, they will not be in a position to make decisions. The management of the organization will be the sole cust odians of all rights and privileges. Additionally, these development teams will work as the head office directs. 2.0 Change Facilitation (a) Force Field Analysis Diagram +10 +5 0 -5 -10 \\\\\ The size of the arrow signifies strength i.e. the longer the arrow the stronger the force the shorter the arrow the weaker the force (Harris, 2002, p. 20). However, looking at the Field Force Analysis Diagram, there are several forces that the organization is facing. These forces are from all involved parties in the organization. For instance, the regional officers are advocating for decentralization in the organization so that more members can get services closer to them and faster than when the head office

Three stocks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three stocks - Assignment Example These companies outstanding performance throughout the past five years in the stock market make them the most preferable investment option. Microsoft Corporation deals with the development, licensing, marketing, and supports software, services, and devices globally. It is based in Redmond, Washington and was founded in 1975. Apple Inc. deals with the designing, manufacturing, and marketing of mobile communication and personal computers, media devices, and portable digital music players across the globe. Its headquarters are in Cupertino, California and was founded in 1977. General motors deals with the designing, building, and selling of cars, trucks, crossovers, and automobile parts across the globe. Its headquarters of operation are in Detroit, Michigan and was founded in 1897. Microsoft has since the past 3 years been experiencing a huge gross profit year after year. Similarly General Motors and Apple have also had huge gross profits throughout the last 3 years. This strong financial record of the three companies is an assured well thought investment. This financial statements are summarized in the table below. Also, from the S&P 500 index the three companies show good trends from the past 5 years. The S&P is an important tool when it comes to investment since it depicts the free-float value of the major 500 corporations in the US equity market. The S&P 500 is constantly updated daily and can be used to track a company’s high and low stock prices for a period of 5 years. Hence, an important tool when evaluating the risk or returns of a particular investment. Data from the S&P index project a significant earnings growth in the three companies by over +30%. The S&P data index forecasts summary is shown in the table below. The three companies’ financial records with good profit margins and generated revenue have sustained the continual existence and profitability of the companies for decades. They have remained at the top despite the presence of

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization Essay

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization - Essay Example Increasingly, among international organizations (such as the World Bank and the United Nations), governance is used as a concept to both provide a broad overview of and describe the way societies manage themselves. In the dialogue routinely engaged in by the United Nations and the World Bank "governance" is normally spoken of in terms of three systems - the political/administrative; the economic; and the civil society. When looking at governance from this perspective an important additional dimension is introduced into any discussion of the relationship between governance, democracy and decentralization because one is forced to pay attention to the significance of decentralization for economic development. This represents a very significant dimension in terms of the overall well-being of the society as a whole for it can be central to the defining of its development potential. Governance has also been described and dealt with, particularly in the past two decades, in terms of how to improve the functioning of the actual political/administrative system extant in a particular country. ... rnmental organization (which frequently means the downsizing of government bureaucracies); and the strong encouragement of transparency and accountability in government. There is obviously a long history of discussion about and consideration of what are the attributes of democracy and democratic governance. During the course of the past half century, most attention in this regard has focused upon four basic attributes. These include the conduct within a country of free and fair elections; the existence of a reasonably well-organized and competitive party system; a delineation of, respect for, and protection of basic civil liberties and human rights within the society; and, the encouragement, support of and active participation of a vigorous civil society and, in particular, strong interest groups. While democracy and its attributes have been the topic of much thought, writing and discussion, it is still the case that there are not totally precise measures of or delineations of where democratic governance begins or ends within a society. In fact, democracy is inevitably a "work in progress." The institutions and processes of democracy are constantly in a state of evolution. Such evolution is not always necessarily in a progressive or productive fashion. Clearly there are moments in almost all societies in which democratic processes and values suffer setbacks. Likewise, there are other times when what is normally evolutionary progress toward higher levels of democratic governance sometimes become dramatic movement. The concept of decentralization is perhaps a little less clearly defined in part because it is the newest of these concerns. One of the things that has added some misunderstanding to the debate and discussion over decentralization is the frequent