Use of Quick Response Codes in Health Care Research Paper

Use of Quick Response Codes in Health Care - Research Paper Example A quick response code is a matrix barcode, which can be read using a smartphone that has the right bar code reading application. In health care, the bar code is encoded with heath information or data of an individual. In order for a first respondent to access an individual’s data on the bar code during an emergency, the smartphone or other enabled devices can be used to scan the bar code (Davis, 2012). Although this technology in health care might play a big role in emergency cases, there are various concerns such as privacy and ethics concerns, raised by its use, which might discourage most health care institutions and individuals from adopting it. Body The history of the quick response codes is traced in Japan. This is where the Japan-based company ‘Denso Wave Corporation’ invented this technology in 1994. Initially, this technology was not meant for use in health care. Instead, the company invented this to help in tracking Toyota vehicles and vehicle parts, dur ing the process of manufacturing. However, in the most years, packaging companies and consumer advertisers have been responsible for the infiltration of the QR codes in the USA. Today, QR codes are found on the internet, on mails from advertisers, on books, and on billboards. In this case, the bar codes have data about the advertised products and the company, as well as the URL’s of the company. Most recently, QR codes have crossed the border from advertising and marketing industry to the health care sector (Maeder & Martin-Sanchez (2012) In health care, this technology is still new, therefore, has not been adopted by most health care institutions. Knowledge of the technology and expertise still lacks, since this technology is still in its initial stage of implementation. For instance, in the USA today, the implementation of this new technology is underway in the Marin County, in the state of California, through a partnership with Lifesquare. The health care professionals in this county are being equipped with iPhones with enabled bar code readers. On the other hand, Marin residents are encouraged to register their personal and medical information in the quick response bar codes available in CVS stores. Lifesquare requires the individuals to stick the bar code stickers to areas it recommends, such as wallets, and mobile phones, among others, where these can be accessed during an emergency (Davis, 2012). In this case, the health data read by the first respondent is directly fed into the emergency systems of the relevant health care institution. According to Garcia-Betances and Huerta (2012), the major advantage of using QR code is that it is a simple technology, which does not require special tags in its use. The QR code is a type of a 2D code, thus it is easy to generate and print the bar code on different surfaces, including paper, and plastic surfaces, among others. This does not require use of any complex equipment. Therefore, with basic training, in dividuals lacking information on how to use the QR codes can learn this within a short period. Additionally, the QR codes in health care are capable of reducing cases of erroneous reading of patient health information, leading to misdiagnosis and wrong prescriptions. This is because, QR codes are easy to read and decode since this technology is not a complex. As long as an individual has a smartphone or a device capable of decoding a bar code, they can access the health data on a patient’s bar code. Garcia-Betances and Huerta (2012) note that since the 2D-based readers are camera-based, these have a much

Shinee Facts Essay Example for Free

Shinee Facts Essay 1. When Onew Taemin were practicing on the rooftop in their trainee days, they didn’t know that they would be in SHINEE together. 2. Minho BoA like playing together at the waiting room (after they both made comeback) and also at pre-recordings. 3. Jonghyun used to LIKE dressing up as girls. But he thinks that it was embarrassing. 4. Taemin’s favorite song from Lucifer album is â€Å"Life†, he likes ballad songs and likes listening to it while travelling. 5. During trainee days, the other members used to don’t understand Onew’s jokes. But now, they understand it immediately. 6. Key’s favorite song in Lucifer album is â€Å"electric heart†. 7. There was once that Taemin, Minho, and Jonghyun went bathing together and there Taemin said â€Å"I’m a man†. 8. Taemin always carries a bag containing a lot of sweets around, all with a SHINEE logo attached on it. He will give out these sweets whenever he sees noonas. 9. â€Å"If I meet an alien, I will definitely be scared at first, but after awhile when I get to know it, I will consider how to send it back home.† -Jonghyun 10. Key has a love-hate relationship with horror movies and horror stories, he yearns for them but he is also scared of them, he likes them but he also dislikes them. He lost his composure/image in the cinema many times because of that, he is only able to rent horror movies/dramas to watch at home to continue scaring himself. 11. Onew feels shy about presenting himself to people, and because of it, he did not dare to participate in auditions. When he was a trainee, everyone else seems to be improving everyday, while he seems to be staying stagnant and not improving, that to him is the saddest period of his life up till now. 12. â€Å"When I first saw Taemin, I thought he was really pretty. At that time there was a trainee noona in front of him, and Taemin was even prettier than her†. -Eunhyuk 13. Jonghyun is a very lively student in high school, able to digest English and Korean songs very well. Formed a band, composed music during that time, believes that if you truly like something, it is not difficult to persevere on. 14. Minho’s ideal type just need to be of an average height, must definitely be kind at heart, have long hair, wears dresses frequently. 15. Key is confident that he can be a gourmet chef, nobody can escape his dumplings trap. Our Comments: Onew is a sweet person put into a group of evil people. He deserves some sort of respect as the leader, so we shall spare him any nastiness. He is undeserving of the hatred bestowed upon him by, not only haters, but Shawols and Shinee as well. He has done nothing to deserve this treatment. This poor man needs to catch a break once in a while, and we shall deliver this break. His constant abuse from fellow members must cause him great distress and pain. Yet Shinee doesn’t appreciate him. Or his talents. So, Onew, we, P B, do issue you an apology, on behalf of the human race. P B Scale Appearance: 9.4 Slightly large nose. Good Complexion. Very pronounced apple of the cheeks. Soft jawline, as opposed to most males. Almond shaped, monolid eyes. Overall soft facial features. Definitely not ugly, contrary to popular opinion. Body is proportional for the most part. Fairly toned. Not the best looking for his age, but better than a majority. Talent: 8 Dancing is proficient. Truthfully, Onew has the best singing voice in Shinee. He is a little rough with control, but taking his age into consideration, he is good. Good at everything, but not fantastic at any one thing. Personality: 7.9 Awkward. But adorkable. He tries. Doesn’t succeed very much, but he tries. Gives a valiant effort. Total: 8.4 Jonghyun Basic Bio: Name: Kim Jonghyun Position: Lead Vocalist Birthdate: April 8, 1990 Bloodtype: AB Height: 173 cm. Our Comments: Jonghyun is the devil. He is the Lucifer. His singing is the Lucifer. We overall just despise this man. He’s short, he’s mean, and therefore has a Napoleon complex. He is like the tiny raptor in Jurassic Park that chases them into the laboratory and tries to eat them. He is not the biggest dinosaur on the island, but definitely the most annoying. His singing is God-awful and f*cking horrible (Cussing is never appropriate, but this is a special exception). It’s just bad. During his performance of â€Å"Lonely Night† on Immortal Song 2, we wanted to shoot ourselves in the face. Of course my friend, you will have many a lonely night, and your only solace will be Key. P B Scale Appearance: 3.5 His nose is disgustingly huge. Not only is his nose large, but his nostrils are excessive. His nose is upturned, and you see all of that excessive nostril. And in stark contrast to Onew, his face isonly angles, which is much too harsh. It makes him always look angry. And when he is attempting a smile, or a cheerful expression, it’s creepy. Let’s not forget how short he is. The Peach is taller than him, and she is a 16 year old, half asian girl. So there is no excuse. In short, Jonghyun is the very definition of a troll: Nasty, short and ugly. He hides under bridges. And terrorizes people, like poor Onew. Talent: 5 His vocal control is commendable, though control of his voice is insignificant due to the fact that he sounds like a cat getting raped. We don’t know how many of you people have heard this happen, maybe outside of your house, or to your own cat, but it is offensive. His dancing is average, nothing special. But his eternally angry face makes any attempt at dancing scary. Technically, his ability to control his voice and range would make him about a 7. But the sound of his voice drastically drops the score. Personality: 0 He’s mean. He’s very mean. You shouldn’t treat people the way he treats people. Especially Onew. Onew is his elder, and the leader. Jonghyun should treat him with respect and dignity. But because of his Napoleon complex, he finds the need to belittle and overall, just piss off, Onew. Total: 3.5 Key Basic Bio: Name: Kim Kibum Stage Name: Key Position: Vocal, Rap Birthdate: September 23, 1991 Bloodtype: B Height: 177 cm. Our Comments: Key is flaming. The second most flaming man in the world of Korean Entertainment. Jo Kwon is unsurpassable. There is no way either of them are the least bit straight. Key is one of the many Kim Kibums. However, congrats Key, to this day, you are the only Kim Kibum that has any real effect in the entertainment world. Not to mention the fact that you’re the only one still active in your group. Key in a nutshell is just fabulous. He sings a very good Kesha. He should just keep doing what†¦ Key does. P B Scale Appearance: 9.4 Key looks like a feminine, younger version of Jo Kwon. Almost as if he were  Kwon’s little sister. However, he does have one flaw. His eyebrows are awful. And as a gay man, he should be ashamed. His best assets however, are definitely his cheekbones. Very well pronounced; good genes. His body is in good proportion. Overall, we admit Key is attractive, but very feminine. Talent: 6.2 He’s a better rapper than Minho. Easily. Without any effort. We’re pretty sure everyone on this planet is a better rapper than Minho. However just because he’s better, doesn’t mean he’s fantastic or even remotely good. His singing is subpar. Dancing is passable. His best talent is swaying his hips to â€Å"Abracadabra†; it’s sickenin’. Personality: 8.6 He’s a nag, but who wouldn’t be trapped in a group with 4 kids. He’s in love with Jonghyun, which is obviously some sort of personality defect. Key’s maternal instinct is sensational. Without him, Taemin would probably be dead. Total: 8.06 Minho Basic Bio: Name: Choi Minho Position: Rap, Sub-Vocal Birthdate: December 9, 1991 Bloodtype: B Height: 184 cm. Our Comments: Minho is just futile. He doesn’t really do anything in Shinee, except rap badly. We don’t really see how he’s â€Å"flaming charisma† either. He’s not stunning, or even remotely good looking. He just looks like Rango. Other than the obvious, there is not much to say about Minho. He doesn’t matter, and we’re pretty sure that if he wasn’t in Shinee, it would make no difference. Except for the fact that Onew might finally be in a pairing. Introducing: TaeNew. P B Scale Appearance: 5.5 Minho is basically ugly. Sorry Shawols, it’s the truth. Everything is so long: His arms, his legs, his fingers. It’s just gross. He’s an alien. Not the sexy kind like T.O.P or Bom, but like Kyuhyun. Weirdly elongated, and kind of awkward. Talent: 3 Unlike the other three aliens, Minho has no talent. What Minho does is not rapping. He is talking (and not even fast, which is an excuse for most), with an autotuned voice. There’s a reason people’s voices are autotuned. And Minho is no exception. Shawols, netizens, everyone: You all really have to stop praising his rapping. For the sake of Minho, if you really care about him. Pretty soon he’s going to start believing your lies. We weep for Minho; we really do. All the pitiful guy has is his â€Å"rapping†, and truth is, it’s awful. Guess this means he has nothing. Personality: 1.9 His personality is nonexistent. There’s nothing really special about him. He’s good with kids, so I guess that’s a plus? We don’t know. He’s just plain vanilla. Total: 3.4 Taemin Basic Bio: Name: Lee Taemin Position: Lead Dancer, Maknae Birthdate: July 18, 1993 Bloodtype: B Height: 175 cm. Our Comments: Taemin is a cute little girl. And if you like him, and are older than him, you have pedophilia. He†¦is kind of a she. But a cute she. Taemin just shoots out estrogen. There’s not one testosterone producing cell in his body. It’s not his fault, and we are not bad mouthing it; it’s a medical condition after all. He’s really innocent and naive. His love for banana milk (which is delicious!), ice cream and â€Å"Lasco*†say it all. If you looked up â€Å"Perfect Maknae† in the dictionary, you’d find Taemin. He’s  cute, young, respectfuland knows how to use his â€Å"aegyo*† effectively. Too bad Shinee doesn’t appreciate his efforts. It seems all they do is bully him, when they’re not harassing Onew. Don’t worry Taemin, we know tons of groups that would want you all to themselves. P B Scale Appearance: 8.7 Taemin is the prettiest little girl in K-Pop. He has a cute nose. His features are very soft and round, and make his face look very feminine. It’s not his fault his face looks this way, but it’s his hairstylist’s fault he looks even more feminine than he should. His only flaw as â€Å"the perfect maknae† is that he’s a bit too tall. But his fans like that, so it’s okay. Talent: SC 9.2 He is a dancer. He’s not one of the absolute greatest, but definitely one of the best for his age. Over the years, Taemin has improved, and we hope he will continue to build his abilities. Personality: 7.9 The perfect maknae personality. He’s adorable, childish and you just want to be maternal towards him. Key cannot be blamed. Total: 8.6 Overall Shinee: 6.4 Shinee to us just seems like a TVXQ replacement. But a bad knock-off. Like a Chinese pikachu doll. Not successful and it’s just wrong. They’re too young. They had it way too easy.  Unlike their predecessors, they did not have to share a 1,000 square foot apartment with 20 other men. They did not starve and were not forced to sleep on the floor because of the lack of beds. They endured nothing, have felt no pain, and this has just created a spoiled group (Which is why they abuse Onew). Their souls and dreams were not broken by the iron fist that is SM Entertainment. They were not made thankful for their presence in the world of K-Pop. Because Shinee did not have to go through half a decade of intense, bone-crushing training, they don’t appreciate how easy their path to stardom has been. Shinee is given catchy songs by the maker of all catchy songs, and this explains their popularity. Without SM’s vast resources, they would be nothing more than the average, unpopular boyband.

The Google Culture Essay -- Business Management

Introduction Google was created in 1998 due to the need for a more efficient Search Engine. Actually Google is one of the most successful internet based companies since the booming of â€Å"dotcoms† in the late 1990s and remains a leader. This success is based on its great organisational practices and core competencies. Google ´s success is not only in its technology and the functionality of its product; it ´s also in its aggressive ability to get profits innovating, which is critical to their workforce because it operates in a global market. Through innovations, Google has expanded its services and features. Google today is no longer a search engine company but a web computing Applications Company. This innovative capability, the integrated process and a supportive culture creates the actual sustainable competitive advantage of Google. The focus of this study will be on that very culture that has allowed Google to become the giant it is today. From a garage start up to a company earning billions in revenue, Google has managed to maintain its charm. Google offers the perfect environment for its workforce where communication, respect and freedom are the reigning principles. The company is well known for its informal organization and flexible schedule, however there's a lot more to what is seen on the surface, as we delve into the inner make up of the Google Culture. The Google Culture Google's corporate culture is based on a number of principles that lay in the foundation of the company's success. First of all, members of the Google workplace are seen as equals. Of course for organizational purposes there are managers and those they manage, but this doesn't create any kind of barriers as communication flows swiftly back and forth and... ...e and the effort of staying true to important values that lie at the heart of the organization, Google should be able to move forward with as much grace as it has done in the past. Googlers are at the end of the day what drives the company along, thus keeping a strong and united workforce would be integral elements for Google to maintain its focus on. It's of utmost importance for the company to carefully manage its overseas offices, in order to avoid an internal breakup due to the diversity between them. This should be taken care of by communicating a clear set of values that are present in any culture across the world. This basis of the corporate culture would thus be a linking element despite racial differences. Works Cited http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/ http://www.davechaffey.com/E-commerce-Internet-marketing-case-studies/Google-case-study/

Thirteen Ways of Self-Questioning

Thirteen Ways of Self-Questioning The poem â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird† is written by Wallace Stevens. It contains thirteen sections; each section provides us a picture that is centered by the element of blackbird. Blackbird in the poem signifies people’s consciousness. So this poem wants to tell us that every person has a perspective to look at the world. It questions our process of thought to understand the world, and reminds us realize the problem of it. In â€Å"The Language of Paradox† by Cleanth Brooks, he introduces the notion of paradox and its application in poetry.In Stevens’ poem we can also find how he uses the device of paradox to raise the question for many times, and also the use of paradox leads us to reconsider our thought. Stevens displays several common understanding in human being. According to Brooks’ viewpoint, â€Å"Our prejudices force us to regard paradox as intellectual rather than emotional, clever rathe r than profound, rational rather than divinely irrational† (Brooks 58). The first section is an introduction of the whole poem: â€Å"Among twenty snowy mountains, / The only moving thing / Was the eye of the blackbird† (I).This is to tell us the nature is huge, but with it the only existence that is conscious about it is human consciousness. Twenty snowy mountains stand for the broad natural environment, but they are still and seem lifeless. Then he transferred the focus to the eye of the blackbird which is the only moving thing. Stevens uses â€Å"the† instead of â€Å"a† when he refers to blackbird because he wants to make it very clear that he refers it particular to human’s consciousness.In section twelve, he says â€Å"The river is moving. / The blackbird must be flying† (XII). This section responds to section one, because he uses the modifiers â€Å"moving† and â€Å"flying† in two sections respectively to express the sam e notion that our consciousness is changing over time. Cleanth Brooks describes paradox this way: â€Å"Paradox is the language of sophistry, hard bright, witty† (Brooks 58). In Stevens’ poem, in order to make readers realize the problem in the process of our thought.He narrates: â€Å"It was evening all afternoon. / It was snowing / And it was going to snow / The blackbird sat / In the cedar-limbs† (XIII). Afternoon is before evening, but he says â€Å"it was evening all afternoon†. This should signify a passive attitude to life. Evening is the time that near to death in people’s lives, and he tells us even during the afternoon which is their declining period someone already live in the status of evening. It’s a typical instance of paradox in the last section of the poem.The language seems contradictory and not logical, but actually it is to draw our attention to the awareness of our thought. â€Å"It was snowing / And it was going to snow † shows us people’s foresight through their experience and observation of nature. So Stevens put the result before the foresight. After that he refers to the blackbird sat still in the cedar-limbs to indicate that in people’s old age the consciousness is not as active as its youth time. However, the experience we get in the whole life becomes precious possession and provides us the insight.The last section has a relation with section two: â€Å"I was of three minds, / Like a tree / In which there are three blackbirds† (II). The blackbirds in the tree always refer to our minds. So I am a tree, and I have three minds which are represented by three birds. In this section, Stevens probably suggest the three levels of people’s mind according to Freud’s â€Å"Id, ego and super-ego† theory. In section four, Stevens says: â€Å"A man and a woman / Are one. / A man and a woman and a blackbird / Are one† (IV). This is another application of paradox.In â€Å"The Language of Paradox†, when Brooks analysis Wordsworth’s poem he says â€Å"It is not my intention to exaggerate Wordsworth's own consciousness of the paradox involved† (Brooks 60). Here we really can dig out how the narrator maybe unconsciously applies the paradox. When we say two or more than two distinct existents are one, it obviously sounds not acceptable and will bring a consideration of this idea especially when we partly repeat the narrative but add another subject at the second time. Section four might try to discuss some religious thought in this world.He suggests every human being, no matter man or woman, is from one source. As objective existence, we and our consciousness are all developed from one. In this poem, Stevens applies paradox through both audible and visible experiences. Brooks suggests: â€Å"But I am not here interested in enumerating the possible variations; I am interested rather in our seeing that the paradoxes spring from the very nature of the poet's language: it is a language in which the connotations play as great a part as the denotations† (Brooks 61).From a broader vision, we may find the mastery of paradox language by Stevens via analysis of his work. In section five, he narrates: â€Å"I do not know which to prefer, / The beauty of inflections / Or the beauty of innuendoes, / The blackbird whistling / Or just after† (V). When the blackbird is whistling, there is a beauty of inflections along with it, but just after that we will see the beauty of innuendoes. Here the blackbird signifies the poem.While we are reading or reciting the poem, the pronunciation is similar to inflections of bird because of the rhythms and structure. Nevertheless, after reading it we can realize the innuendoes implied from it. A good poem is not only to let readers enjoy its inflections, but also cause us to rethink in our mind. Moreover, this section has a interesting connection with section eight. Similarly, the narrator refers to accents and rhythms to suggest the composition and recitation of the poem which creates the audible enjoyment for readers.Then he tells us his thought is also inescapable involved into the poem. Those two sections provide us how Stevens applies paradox with our sensory from hearing. Moreover, he creates the metaphor from visual aspect. Brooks states that â€Å"I have said that even the apparently simple and straightforward poet is forced into paradoxes by the nature of his instrument† (Brooks 62). We can see this situation in section eleven where the narrator describes a picture which jumps into our imagination: â€Å"He rode over Connecticut / In a glass coach. Once, a fear pierced him, / In that he mistook / The shadow of his equipage / For blackbirds† (XI). The phrase â€Å"In a glass coach† tells us he is in a fragile status, and more than that glass is transparent. An illusion of blackbirds reflects his fearful emoti on. Section three is another example of usage in this sensory respect. The narrator says â€Å"The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds. / It was a small part of the pantomime† (III). It begins with the only image of the blackbird that is overwhelmed by autumn winds.He sketches a close-up of the blackbird, and then tells us it is a small part of the pantomime. This enlarges our vision from close-up to the panorama, and indicates us that the blackbird is just a symbol of our life which is always out of control and encounters uncertainty. Brooks suggests that â€Å"there is a sense in which paradox is the language appropriate and inevitable to poetry. It is the scientist whose truth requires a language purged of every trace of paradox; apparently the truth which the poet utters can be approached only in terms of paradox† (Brooks 58).In Wallace Stevens’ â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird†, he actually displays thirteen types of interpretation fro m which people develop their understanding of consciousness. The application of paradox provides the poem a further explanation of the theme. Through the usage of the symbolic technique and various aspects of sensory, the narrator discusses different levels of social and cultural thought. The most important function of paradox in this poem is to arouse people’s awareness of our consciousness and the ability to question our inherent understanding of our thought.

Case Analysis: Profitability of Wendy’s Chilli Essay

Dave Thomas, the founder of Wendy’s restaurant, opened his first restaurant on November 15, 1969 in Columbus, Ohio. Dave was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on July 2, 1932. He was adopted at six weeks old by Rex and Auleva Thomas. Dave moved from state to state with his father when his mother passed at the age of 5. At the age of 12, Dave obtained his first job at a restaurant in Knoxville. Thus, he began his love for the restaurant business. At the age of 15, Dave dropped out of high school to work full time in the restaurant business. While working full-time at the Hobby House restaurant, Dave met Colonel Sanders, the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken (now KFC). In 1962, Dave was offered the opportunity to turn around four failing Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Columbus, Ohio. Utilizing his past experience, Dave turned the restaurants around, sold them back to KFC, and immediately became a millionaire all at the age of 35. He then co-founded Arthur Treacher’s Fish and Chips. Dave again capitalized on his experiences in restaurant management when he decided to establish his own restaurant. Since hamburgers were his favorite food, Dave decided to start a restaurant that would serve a quality hamburger without a 30 minute waiting period. Named for his eight year old daughter, Dave started Wendy’s. In order to focus on quality and remain competitive, the menu was limited to four basic products excluding beverages. The product line included hamburgers, chili, french fries, and Wendy’s Frosty Dairy Dessert. Wendy’s hamburgers patties consisted of ? pound of 100 percent pure domestic beef, served as a square shaped patty rather than a round shaped patty, and served â€Å"hot ‘n juicy† in accordance with individual customer orders. The french fries were sliced slightly longer and thicker from high quality potatoes and cooked in specially-designed fryers to allow the inside to be cooked without burning the outside. Wendy’s Frosty Dairy Dessert is a thick blend of vanilla and chocolate flavors and must be served with a spoon as a dessert rather than a straw. Wendy’s chili is the fourth basic menu item. Whenever the cook overestimated customer demand, beef patties stayed on the grill beyond the recommended time. This caused the beef patties to be well done. To avoid customer dissatisfaction, Wendy’s used the â€Å"well done† beef patties that had been refrigerated from the previous day and could not be served to customers. Each eight ounce serving contained about a quarter pound of ground beef. Wendy’s chili is prepared by the assistant manager or an experienced crew member using an original recipe. The labor cost for the assistant manager and crew member is listed in Table 1. The cost to prepare the chili is listed in Table 2 below. Table 3, illustrates the direct cost associated with the production of chili. Table 1. Labor costs for assistant manager or a crew member to prepare chili in 1978 Table 2. Ingredients and costs in 1978. Table 3. Direct cost for 1978 In the event of a shortage of overcooked patties, beef patties were cooked for the sole purpose of inclusion in the chili. In order to prepare a pot of chili, it took 10 to 20 minutes of preparation time. This process required chopping the meat into small pieces, adding the other ingredients and stirring the batch six times. Sixty percent of the total annual sales for chili occurred during the months from October to March. The chili product has the lowest gross profit margin. The 1978 labor and additional direct costs are listed in Table 4 below. Table 4. Cost of Chili Preparation, Overall Cost of Chili and Profit of Chili. In November 1979, Wendy’s became the first national restaurant chain to introduce a Salad Bar on the menu. Initial test marketing of the salad bar concept had been successful. This innovative idea also posed a dilemma. If Wendy’s was to follow their limited menu concept, the salad bar would potentially replace chili since it had the lowest profit margin on a full cost basis. Then, management would be faced with containing the cost of the overcooked patties that resulted from overestimating customer demand and cooking too many hamburgers. While hamburgers comprised 55 percent of total sales, chili sales comprised of five percent of total sales. The chili was most popular between the months of October through March. During these months, 60 percent of the total annual chili sales occurred. Management was faced with deciding which product would be best to sustain long-term profitability. Wendy’s revenues were derived from the sales made from company-owned restaurants, from royalties paid to the company by owners of franchised restaurants, from fees paid by the owners of franchised restaurants for technical assistance and from interest earned on investments. By 1978, Wendy’s operated 1,407of restaurants. Of this number, 1,119 stores were owned by franchisees. Franchised stores were built to a uniformed specification and were not located within the same market areas as company-owned stores. Most restaurants were located in urban or densely populated suburban areas; a large volume of customers was a primary factor for Wendy’s success. Each franchisee paid a $15,000 fee for technical assistance prior to the opening of a restaurant for services such as site selection, construction plans, initial training for owners and staff members, advertising materials, national purchasing agreements and operations manuals. For 1978, company-owned stores generated 84. 13% of revenue, royalties generated 12. 65% of revenue, technical assistance fees generated 1. 87% of revenue, and interest from investments generated 1. 35% of revenue. The income statement from Moody’s is listed in Table 5 below (Moody’s, 1980, p. 1565). Table 5. By focusing on a product differentiation marketing strategy, quality food, quick service and reasonable prices, Wendy’s was able to achieve its financial success and to grow rapidly at a time when the fast-food industry appeared to be saturated. The adoption of the limited menu concept also contributed to this success. Having a limited menu concept allowed Wendy’s to concentrate on the quality of a few menu items and allowed Wendy’s to quickly prepare a meal to the customer specifications. The limited menu concept does not allow for changes in consumer preferences nor does it allow Wendy’s to compete with other fast food restaurants serving items such as chicken. In 1970, Wendy’s broke new grounds by opening a second restaurant with a unique feature. This restaurant featured a drive-thru window with a special grill within the pick-up window. Wendy’s was able to achieve success in their drive-thru window concept, because their product was served fresh from the special grill within a short span of time. While other restaurants offered a standard product through their dive-thru window, Wendy’s differentiated their concept by offering a product that was prepared fresh to the customer’s specifications. Therefore, the product delivery time did not increase when preparing the order as requested by the customer, whether in the dining room or through the pick-up window. Wendy’s used a product differentiation approach for their hamburgers. By marketing the hamburgers as a square patty rather than a round patty, Wendy’s was successful in advertising their hamburgers as â€Å"old-fashioned. † Wendy’s also cooked each hamburger in a manner that provided a customized hamburger for each customer quickly and at a reasonable price. Innovations have been the key to Wendy’s growth. Their innovative style of management has made Wendy’s a leader in the fast-food industry. By catering to young adults and adults, Wendy’s has attempted to create brand loyalty among their target customers. Wendy’s recognized the dynamic needs of their customers and consequently offered a dining experience that emphasized quality food, fast and friendly service within a setting that is common throughout all their restaurants. Wendy’s has made growth a priority in their strategic plan in order to achieve high employee retention and satisfaction rates. According to Doorley and Donovan, â€Å"employee satisfaction rises when a company grows, probably because people experience new challenges and are excited about being on a winning team (Swanson, 2001). † The introduction of a salad bar will contribute to a diversification strategy that will also augment their innovative approach. Chart 1. Sales comparison of Wendy’s and competitors. Quality was a foundational component in the first Wendy’s restaurant. This was due largely to uncompromising passion for quality by the founder, Dave Thomas. Quality still remains the top priority in the food, people and service industry. The mission statement of Wendy’s is: â€Å"To deliver superior quality products and services for our customers and communities through leadership, innovation and partnerships (Wendy’s, 2004). † The vision statement of Wendy’s is: â€Å"to be the quality leader in everything we do (Swanson, 2001). † This core value has guided the organization and helps to define the corporate culture and distinguished Wendy’s from the competitors. Business Creations recommends Wendy’s pursue adding salads to their limited menu concept; however, this should be done as a menu item rather than as a Salad Bar concept. Since Wendy’s has placed a high emphasis on quality, a Salad Bar concept introduces various risk factors which may cause dissatisfaction among the customers. Risk factors such as foreign objects falling into items on the Salad Bar and the food area remaining sanitized are just two of the risk factors. Also, the Salad Bar concept would require additional labor to replenish the stock. To maintain a consistent standard, Wendy’s should prepare the salad and sell the item as a pre-packaged menu item. We also recommend Wendy’s further evaluate removing chili from the menu in the 128 restaurants in the southern states during the summer months since sales decrease to 40 percent during this time frame. Excess beef patties can then be used as a topping for a salad, such as a Taco Salad. References: Hoover’s fact sheet. (2003). Retrieved from: www. hoovers. com/wendy’s/–ID__11621–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers.com/sonic/–ID__13112–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/krystal/–ID__15659–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/burger-king/–ID__54531–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/mcdonald’s/–ID__10974–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml on May 2, 2004. Moody’s OTC Industrial Manual. (1980). New York, NY: Moody’s Investors Service, 1565. Swanson, B. (2001). â€Å"New strategic plan combines the best of Wendy’s and Tim Hortons. † Wendy’s Magazine. 13. â€Å"Wendy’s strategic plan†. Retrieved from www. wendy’s-invest. com on May 2, 2004.

Jackson Surname Meaning and Origin

Jackson Surname Meaning and Origin The  patronymic surname  Jackson means son of Jack. The personal/given name Jack may have derived from one of several sources: Derived from the name Jackin, a medieval diminutive of the name John, which is an  English form of  Iohannes, the Latin form of the Greek name  ÃŽâ„¢Ãâ€°ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·Ãâ€šÃ‚  (Ioannes), itself derived from the Hebrew name  Ã—™×•Ö ¹Ã—â€"Ö ¸Ã—  Ã– ¸Ã—ŸÂ  (Yohanan),  meaning Jehovah has favored, or more loosely gift of God. See also the surname Johnson.Possibly a derivation of the Old French given name Jacque, the French form of the English name Jacob. The name derives from the Latin Jacobus which, in turn, derives from the  Hebrew personal name ×™Ö ·Ã— ¢Ã– ²Ã— §Ã– ¹Ã—‘  (Yaaqov). Surname Origin:  English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  JACKS Where Is the JACKSON Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Jackson surname is found in the greatest numbers in the United Kingdom and Australia. It is most prevalent in northern England, especially Cumbria county. The name is also popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia and the southeastern states of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Famous People with the Surname JACKSON Andrew Jackson - 7th President of the United StatesMichael Jackson - American pop singerAugustus Jackson - creator of several ice cream recipes and inventor of an improved method of manufacturing ice cream c. 1832.Quinton Rampage Jackson - American professional mixed martial arts fighterThomas Stonewall Jackson - Confederate general in the U.S. Civil WarConrad Feger Jackson -  Union Army general in the American Civil War Genealogy Resources for the Surname JACKSON 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames and Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Jackson Family GenealogyA Web site dedicated to the descendants of Robert Jackson, who arrived in Massachusetts with his father circa 1630. Jackson Family Tree DNA ProjectRead biographies, check out DNA results, or submit your own DNA to learn more about your own Jackson ancestors. Jackson Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Jackson surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Jackson query. FamilySearch - JACKSON GenealogyExplore over 12 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jackson surname and its variations on this free website sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. JACKSON Surname and Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Jackson surname. DistantCousin.com - JACKSON Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Jackson. The Jackson Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Jackson surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings and Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Scrooge to Belle Essays

Scrooge to Belle Essays Scrooge to Belle Paper Scrooge to Belle Paper Dickens uses quite a lot of dialogue in A Christmas Carol, the quality which I noticed that it contributes to the story, is that it makes you believe as if you are there watching them interacting with each other. Also you get to see how the characters speak and act while they are in the presence of other characters in the story, so you get to know the character better and who they regard highly and respect and those who they dont regard so high. Dickens uses dialogue to create atmosphere especially when the spirit of Marley confronts Scrooge and they begin to talk to each other, this changes the whole mood at that moment, it makes the reader impatient to see what they will say to each other and what they will do especially in the later stages of the dialogue where the spirit of Marley confronts Scrooge, You must have been very slow about it, Jacob, Scrooge observed, in a business-like manner, though with humility and deference. Slow! the Ghost repeated. Seven years dead, mused Scrooge. And travelling all the time? The whole time, said the Ghost. No rest, no peace. Incessant torture of remorse. This dialogue shows how Dickens uses dialogue to create atmosphere but it also tells something about Scrooge, Scrooge seems to be observing Marley even though they had been great friends for a long time this tells us that either that he doesnt trust Marley or that he doesnt believe the thing that he is speaking is real, this is where the atmosphere is coming from. Dickens uses short and long sentences to create tension in his writing. Here is a short sentence, The chain he drew was clasped around his middle. This sentence describes the ghost of Marley but very directly so not to lose the tension or suspense, another good short sentence is, He looked out. This tells he looked out by it is expressed very sharply making you jump because of the quick action therefore maintaining the tension and suspense. Here is a long sentence, To sit, staring at those fixed glazed eyes, in silence for a moment, would play, Scrooge felt, the very deuce with him. This long sentence constructs the suspense and atmosphere of what is going to happen next, keeping the reader on the edge of their seat and also variety in length creates interest. But even though it is a long sentence it has a lot of pauses which is produced by the repeated use of commas therefore maintaining the tension in the sentence. A way which you could look at it is the merging of many short sentences like He looked out. Therefore creating one long sentence. Dickens introduces humour into A Christmas Carol for example, a ghost so transparent might find him self to take a chair some people may say it is wrong to introduce humour into a story but I dont think Dickens meant for it to be a full on ghost story because introducing humour into the story, it lightens up the mood thus varying the atmosphere. Also you have to look at the audience which Dickens was aiming for, I dont think he wrote the story for die hard ghost story readers but for children, Christmas story but most importantly to put the point across of the appalling plight of the children of the poor. In A Christmas Carol there is many characters some major and others minor from Scrooge to Belle. The first major character is obviously Ebenezer Scrooge who is a hard, cold miser who spends his days counting his profits and wishing the world would leave him alone. He doesnt believe in charity, and he is certain that those who do are just lazy bums looking for a handout. Scrooges entire life is his business and he shuts out his nephew who is the only relative he has. But Scrooge is visited by his old business partner, Jacob Marley, who warns him that if he continues to live his life in such an unchristian way, he will spend all eternity trying to make up for it. Three spirits also visit him who shows him that the errors of his ways turn everyone against him and therefore losing the respect of others making him a lonely old man. Because of what he sees and learns, Scrooge opens his heart to the people around him and learns charity and love and saves himself from the doom of which Marley warned him. Bob Cratchit another main character is an accountant who works for Scrooge, and he is a kind and loving family man. Scrooge generally mistreats Cratchit, but the accountant bears his employer no ill will because he believes that Scrooges life is lonely. The greatest sorrow in Cratchits life is that his young son, Tiny Tim, is very ill. Because Bobs salary is so meager, the family cannot afford treatment for Tim. When Scrooge sees their situation during one of the ghostly visitations, he realizes that he must be more generous to his employee and help save Tiny Tim. Jacob Marley was once Scrooges business partner, but he died seven years ago and now he returns as a ghost to warn Scrooge of the horrors that await him unless he changes his ways. Marley appears to Scrooge on Christmas Eve to tell him of the cumbersome burden that he bears in death because he neglected his duty toward others in life. Marley must walk around and watch people and regret that he did not help anyone or touch anyone during his lifetime. His burden is incessant remorse for his own greed during life. He warns Scrooge that unless he becomes a more charitable person, he will also bear that weight. Marley tells Scrooge of the three ghosts who will visit him. They are Scrooges only chance for salvation. After the warning, Marley flies out the window and joins the other ghosts who drag their chains of duty.

Sue Monk Kidd, Author of The Secret Life of Bees

Sue Monk Kidd, Author of 'The Secret Life of Bees' Sue Monk Kidd (born August 12, 1948) spent the early days of her writing career penning memoirs, going on to publish her first novel,  The Secret Life of Bees, in 2002. Kidds career has spanned genres of contemplative spirituality, feminist theology, and fiction.   Fast Facts: Sue Monk Kidd Known For: Bestselling novelistBorn: August 12, 1948, in Sylvester, GeorgiaParents:  Leah and Ridley MonkEducation: Texas Christian University, Emory UniversityPublished Works:  The Invention of Wings, The Secret Life of Bees, The Mermaid Chair, The Dance of the Dissident Daughter, Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter StorySpouse: Sanford KiddChildren: Ann and BobNotable Quote: â€Å"It is the peculiar nature of the world to go on spinning no matter what sort of heartbreak is happening.†Ã‚   Early Life Raised in Sylvester, a rural town in Georgia, Kidd was the daughter of an imaginative, story-telling father. She knew early on that she wanted to be a writer. She cites Thoreaus Walden and Kate Chopins The Awakening as early influences that would eventually lead to a writing career rooted in spirituality. In 1970, Kidd earned a B.S. degree from Texas Christian University in nursing. During her 20s, she worked as a registered nurse and a college nursing instructor at the Medical College of Georgia. Kidd married  Sanford â€Å"Sandy† Kidd, with whom she had two children. Early Literary Work When she decided to enroll in writing classes, Kidd and her family were living in South Carolina where her husband taught at a small liberal arts college. Her goal was to write fiction, but she began her career writing nonfiction inspirational pieces, many of which she published in Guideposts Magazine, where she eventually became a contributing editor. Spiritual searching ensued, which Kidd chronicled in her first book, Gods Joyful Surprise (1988). Two years later in 1990, her second spiritual memoir followed, entitled  When the Heart Waits. Spiritual Publications While in her 40s, Kidd turned her attention to a study of feminist spirituality, resulting in another memoir,  The Dance of the Dissident Daughter (1996). The book recounts her spiritual journey from a Baptist upbringing to non-traditional feminist spiritual experiences. Novels and Memoirs Kidd is best known for her first novel, The Secret Life of Bees (2002), in which she tells the coming-of-age story- set in 1964- of a 14-year-old girl and her black housekeeper, a modern classic that spent over two years on The New York Times bestseller list, has been published in 35 countries, and is now taught in college and high school classrooms. In 2005, Kidd followed with The Mermaid Chair, the story of a middle-aged married woman who falls in love with a Benedictine monk. Like The Secret Life of Bees, The Mermaid Chair uses its female protagonist to explore spiritual themes. The Mermaid Chair was also a long-time bestseller and won the  2005 Quill Award for General Fiction. Shortly thereafter, Firstlight, a collection of Kidds early writings, was published by Guideposts Books in 2006 and by Penguin in 2007.   Kidd co-authored her next memoir with her daughter Ann Kidd Taylor after they traveled together in France, Greece, and Turkey. The resulting  Traveling with Pomegranates  (2009) appeared on The New York Times list and has been published in several languages. Her third novel,  The Invention of Wings, was published in 2014 by Viking and remained on The New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list for more than six months. The winner of several literary awards,  The Invention of Wings  won the SIBA Book Award and was selected for Oprahs Book Club 2.0. It has been translated into 24 languages and sold over one million copies.   Her entire collection of writings to date include: Gods Joyful Surprise (1988)When the Heart Waits (1990)The Dance of the Dissident Daughter (1996)The Secret Life of Bees (2002)The Mermaid Chair (2005)Firstlight: The Early Inspirational Writings of Sue Monk Kidd  (2006)Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter Journey to the Sacred Places of Greece, Turkey, and France  (with Ann Kidd Taylor) (2009)The Invention of Wings (2014) Sources Bryfonski, Dedria.  Coming of Age in Sue Monk Kidds Secret Life of Bees.  Greenhaven Press, 2013.Sue Monk Kidd, 30 Sept. 2018.â€Å"Sue Monk Kidd.†Ã‚  New Georgia Encyclopedia.

Elderly Drivers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elderly Drivers - Essay Example Such as the requirement of a certificate of health from the family doctor at an arbitrary age, and subsequent re-assessment every two years or so, that occurs in Wiley [name the state]. Also, drawing on cross-cultural methods of subjective and standardized testing can provide further insights into what is required. For example, in New Zealand there is a combination of testing. Regular medical testing of people over 70 years takes place along with a driving test at two-yearly intervals after the age of 76. (Wolffelaar 151) The pioneers of motor transport did not foresee that driving would become such a universal and accessible skill. Indeed one of them, Carl Benz, thought that the market for the motor car would be limited. However, present day rising proportions of older people who drive has increased their involvement in road accidents. Longitudinal data from the USA illustrate the startling growth in the proportion of elderly drivers. For instance, in Wiley only 5.9% of drivers were over 60 in 1940, but this proportion rose to 7.4% in 1952 and to 11.4% in 1960. Point-prevalence figures show that there were approximately 14.4 million drivers over 65 years of age in the USA in 1983, and nearly 3 million over the age of 60 in the US in 1990. If present trends continue well over a third of drivers on US roads will be aged over 55 years by 2050. (Klamm, 87) The shift in demographics of driver age is important because the number of crashes and the severity of injuries by distance driven rise alarmingly after the age of 65, and resemble figures for 15-25-year-old people. The elderly are also more likely to die in car accidents; if pedestrians are included, motor accidents involving the elderly are the second most common cause for their admission to US emergency rooms and of accidental death. Although some commentators have suggested that the absolute risk of elderly drivers having accidents remains small, they tend to overlook the expected increase in the number of elderly drivers. Further accident statistics do not take into account modified driving practices, such as reduced mileage and avoidance of night driving, which likely confound the findings. (Klamm, 87) Ultimately, the US legislate against two of the dominant factors involved in road accidents: speeding and alcohol consumption (both associated with a third factor, inexperienced youth). It is contended here that the scrutiny of risk factors associated with motor crashes in the elderly is less intense. Difficulty may arise in convincing elderly drivers to submit to standardized tests, given that they and their families may be hesitant to risk the elder driver losing a primary mode of independence. However, it is both desirable and feasible to identify factors which place elderly people most at risk of driving accidents, and to ensure greater public safety on US roads. (Waller 65) Works Cited Klamm ER. Auto insurance: needs and problems of drivers 55 and over: Needs and Problems of Older Drivers: Falls Church, VA: AAA Foundation for Road Safety, 1985: p87 Shank GD. Qualitative Research: A Personal Skills Approach. Columbus, Merrill/Prentice Hall. 2002: 23 Wolffelaar PC. Age Differences in Divided Attention in a Simulated Caving Task: J

Mini Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini Project - Term Paper Example The paper points two uses of graphs that are reflected in one of the business periodicals and their effectiveness. First, an article from the Wall Street Journal dated 1st April that was written by Prince Marcelo reflected on the amount of gas and oil that comes from fracking in US. The graph points the trend of oil fracking as compared to the total oil and gas production from 2005 to 2015. Prince, (2015) makes use of a line graph to present the information that clearly shows that energy production from oil and gases has been increasing annually, same as the energy from fracking. The above graph is effective tool in revealing the current issue in the energy sector within the use of fracking technology. The black shaded area depicts the fracking amounts while the red one shows the total amounts of oil and gas production in US. It is clear that fracking has contributed to a larger percentage of both gas and oil production as opposed to the other sources of these two energy platforms. Additionally, the graph depicts the amounts (in estimate) of oil and gas every year, as well as, the periods that the trends revealed a sharp decrease or increase. Nevertheless, the difference or the ratio of the fracking to the total amounts can be easily calculated from the graph. Lastly, the mean or averages of the fracking amounts can be easily calculated; therefore, the graph shows the descriptive statistics for the data that can be highlighted without any struggle. Another graph reflects the US quarterly GDP growth from 2012 to 2016. The article was posted by the Fed on 1st May 2015 and has forecasted the GDP growth rate of the US economy from 2012 to 2016. It shows the past GDP growth rates from 2012, the current rates and from these rates Fed can forecast the growth rates for the last quarter of 2015 and 2016. Therefore, the bar graph is effective tool that can be used in forecasting data for future use. This

Effects of Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of Globalization - Research Paper Example Migration is proxied by the number of immigrants to the United States. Historically, before about 1870, none of these flows was sufficiently large to warrant the term globalization†. At such, several countries like China which used to be idle and locked itself into a closed society for several years, welcomed the idea of economic revolution and gradually rise above the others, having a second chance in economic freedom. The recent upsurge of the economy of China is one of the various effects of globalization which they started to develop in the last thirty years. Considered as one of the largest countries in the world, China has acknowledge the need to reform their economic policies and embrace the power of open economic relations with outside territories since the great Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping assumed position in 1977 after the Cultural Revolution. Slowly, the country planned all-out market-oriented strategies to save them from the negative effects of socialism advocacy o n the economy. New economic reforms were established giving emphasis on vital concerns like agriculture, industry and foreign trade and investment. Agriculture was treated as a household responsibility instead of a collective activity, local government officials were given an increased authority in the industrial sector and private and public enterprises were tolerated to take over the services and manufacturing sectors though most of them are still state owned. Agriculture was treated as a household.

Effect on British Business for Joining Euro Zone Essay

Effect on British Business for Joining Euro Zone - Essay Example Labour Productivity: The output per worker is the ratio of total output and total employment and the unit labour cost is total labour costs-to-output. The output per worker has remained unchanged in the last two quarters but unit labour costs have increased by 0.3% in the last two quarters (ONS, 2011, p.8). Labour Disputes: These are associated with the strikes with respect to the terms and conditions related to employment. During the last 12 months before October 2011, there were 417,000 lost working days from 135 strikes (ONS, 2011, p.9). Unemployment: This measures the unemployed people who are actively seeking work and ready to join work immediately. The unemployment rate was up 40 basis points from previous year leading to 8.3% unemployment rate. The unemployed youth formed 22% of economically active population. As per the international guidelines, people in full-time education are unemployed if they are looking for jobs since last four weeks (ONS, 2011, p.11). It can be seen th at the public sector cutting of jobs has worsened the employment situation in Britain. The Conservative Party seeks to bring down the deficit to maintain the record low interest rates and avoid situations faced by Greece, Spain and Portugal (Politics.co.uk, 2011). Some people view the reasons for unemployment especially youth unemployment is because of too much reliance on unemployment benefits provided by the government and unwillingness to accept the jobs offered whereas the corporate sector believes the burden of red tape, taxes and minimum wages have tied up their businesses and prevented them from hiring more people (Palmer, 2011). Measures for Reducing the Unemployment There are three types of... Based on this research, the British economy has been affected at first due to joining the Euro Zone as the government has to cop up with the new policies of the regulatory body which make the laws for the Euro Zone. The British government has to incur certain costs for adopting with the new policies, for educate the people so that they can cop up with the new currency and new policies. Though the government had to face some initial costs but the economy are benefited from a long term view. The businessman of UK would get the new opportunity for enhance their business in the other Euro Zone countries. As the currency of 17 countries is same the transaction cost of the business has got lower. The interest rates of the country’s central banks getting lower, the mortgage also get down. Along with this the credibility of the Euro currency is improving as the same currency is used by 17 countries. The currency is not fluctuating as the previous so the investor doesn’t have to hedge their investment. The opportunity for the business owners is that they have access for a larger base of customers as well as they can utilize the larger workforce available to them. The British small and medium companies will have the opportunity to get the foreign funds as the transaction costs are not as high in the Euro Zone as there is the same currency operating in every country. The UK business owners can also have the ideas and the technologies which can enhance the revenue and subsequently profit of the company and thus the gross domestic product of the country can be improved.

Business, law, and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business, law, and ethics - Essay Example For instance, they let the company adopt the sell recommendation which is detrimental to the investors. Instead of playing their watchdog role, the gatekeepers failed to perform this function which led to the collapse of the company. The gatekeepers also failed to detect securities fraud as it took place at Enron. This contributed to the collapse of the company. The euphoria in the market made the gatekeepers less relevant thereby overlooking their work. This compromised their credibility since it resulted in the downfall of the company. Regardless of the market conditions prevailing at an given moment, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to make sure that they perform their expected duties so as to safeguard the investors’ money. Failure to adhere to their stated goals may result in fraud activities being committed by the directors of the organization concerned. This is what happened at Enron since the directors engaged in unethical practices that resulted in the downfall of the company. There is also need for the gatekeepers to preserve their reputational capital so as to ensure that their clients are operating within the expected framework. However, in this case, it can be seen that the gatekeepers’ reputational capital slackened and this resulted in them failing to perform their expected duties. This compromised the performance of the company and it contributed to its downfall. Once the gatekeepers have been reluctant in their operations, they may not be able to detect problems that may impact negatively on the operations of the company. the monitoring function of the gatekeeper is meant to ensure that things such as fraud are not committed by the company executives in their operations. The case of Enron also shows that the gatekeepers did not perform their obligations to monitor the operations of Enron. In order to prevent such a situation from happening again in the future, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to

Police academy or Finger printing or Federal, state local agency Essay

Police academy or Finger printing or Federal, state local agency qualifications chose one of the three topic that you feel comfortable with - Essay Example cted the practice of law enforcement, the history of the technique, legal and ethical issues involving the use of the technique, practical implications of the technique for law enforcement personal at various levels, and future prospects for fingerprinting must be analyzed. Finger prints have had many definitions throughout history, and have been used in art, science, and law enforcement. The contemporary definition of a fingerprint states that a finger print can be defined as the unique pattern created by the friction ridges on all or part of a digit, or finger (â€Å"Glossary†, 2009). The term friction ridge is not intuitive. Friction ridges rare the scientific name for the raised portion of the outermost layer of skin, called the epidermis, that forms the unique shapes found in fingerprints (â€Å"Glossary†, 2009). Friction ridges form on the fingers, palm, toes, and soles of the feet of the fetus before it is born (Cowger, 1992, p.1). Despite the growth that occurs in childhood and adolescence, the patter of the friction ridges does not change, and thus provides the only physical characteristic of human kind with the specificity to identify an individual. Human beings first noticed fingerprints in prehistoric times. The earliest fingerprints are included as decorative elements in cave paintings found in Nova Scotia that date back thousands of years (German, 2006). In ancient Babylon, merchants recognized that though many people have similar patterns, no two individuals have the same exact fingerprint. These merchants used fingerprints as official seals on business agreements, much as contemporary merchants would use a Federal Identification or Social Security number (German, 2006). Similar methods of using fingerprints to identify merchants and government officials were found in fourteenth century Persia and China (German, 2006). These cultures made use of the impressions left by fingerprints as a tool for identification on documents, but did little

Business, law, and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business, law, and ethics - Essay Example For instance, they let the company adopt the sell recommendation which is detrimental to the investors. Instead of playing their watchdog role, the gatekeepers failed to perform this function which led to the collapse of the company. The gatekeepers also failed to detect securities fraud as it took place at Enron. This contributed to the collapse of the company. The euphoria in the market made the gatekeepers less relevant thereby overlooking their work. This compromised their credibility since it resulted in the downfall of the company. Regardless of the market conditions prevailing at an given moment, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to make sure that they perform their expected duties so as to safeguard the investors’ money. Failure to adhere to their stated goals may result in fraud activities being committed by the directors of the organization concerned. This is what happened at Enron since the directors engaged in unethical practices that resulted in the downfall of the company. There is also need for the gatekeepers to preserve their reputational capital so as to ensure that their clients are operating within the expected framework. However, in this case, it can be seen that the gatekeepers’ reputational capital slackened and this resulted in them failing to perform their expected duties. This compromised the performance of the company and it contributed to its downfall. Once the gatekeepers have been reluctant in their operations, they may not be able to detect problems that may impact negatively on the operations of the company. the monitoring function of the gatekeeper is meant to ensure that things such as fraud are not committed by the company executives in their operations. The case of Enron also shows that the gatekeepers did not perform their obligations to monitor the operations of Enron. In order to prevent such a situation from happening again in the future, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to

Summary 4 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary 4 234 - Essay Example Another example is with a little girl in another class who frequently pinched the other children in class. The teacher discovered the reasons that she was pinching. She was pinching as a greeting and because she enjoyed the way it felt to make a pinching motion with her fingers. The teacher showed the toddler less hurtful ways to greet her classmates and created toys that would allow the toddler and her classmates to pinch without hurting anyone. Life lessons can also be learned through actions initiated by young children. In one classroom, a teacher turns one child trying to take off her socks into a guided lesson on how to pull off and put on socks. In another classroom, a child came in with difficulty separating from her parents. The teacher noticed the child's interest in books and used books to help the little girl develop her interests and to become less dependent. Children can also learn about the world around them, when guided by their teacher. On one playground, a toddler fo und a snail outside and the other children gathered around to look. The teacher turned this into a discussion on snails and integrated information about snails into the classroom. Later, a salamander was brought in and the children brought in roly polys.

Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Julius Caesar Essay William Shakespeares famous play Julius Caesar written in 1608 is here compared with Crime and Punishment written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1866. Whereby the two authors lived in completely different times, both texts had similarly established their storylines around protagonists who committed crimes based on theories they believed in. For example, Brutus from Julius Caesar commits murder because of his patriotism; while Raskolnikov commits murder with his belief in the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½bermensch theory. This similarity has then brought further realization of similar depiction of protagonists between the authors. Such similarities are prevalent by the manner the protagonists conceal their emotions from interfering with their paths to greatness. This ultimately leads to each protagonists act of digging their own hole, whereby they alienate themselves from those they love. Hence this allowed for the ambiguous response from the audience, as we are shaped into the capability of hating and loving the protagonist from both texts. Thus, though these internationally-acclaimed texts were written by authors of different eras, a similarity exists in the fashion they have portrayed their protagonists. Primarily, both protagonists suppress their love for others in their search for greatness. The protagonist of Julius Caesar, Brutus, describes his suppression to his friends, not that I loved Caesar lessas he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love. (Shakespeare, 3.2.26-27) The first sentence of this quote affirms the protagonists inevitable love for his friend Caesar, whom Brutus paradoxically ends up murdering after emotional debates. Shakespeare has interestingly employed paradox in this quote to further corroborate Brutuss dominant characteristic of nobleness, when Brutus declares his true patriotic motives in murdering Caesar. Tears in the last sentence conveyed a sorrowful and regretful tone. This suggests Brutuss inner conflict, which is his attempt to suppress his affection toward his friend in order to kill Caesar. The protagonist of Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov, also strives to suppress his compassion. Raskolnikov questions himself after helping a drunken girl, Is it for me to do that? And how could I ever have gone and given away those twenty copecks? (Dostoyevksy, 62) This quote demonstrates a sudden shift of mood, as Raskolnikov just shows his angelic side by helping others and now his demonic side takes over. These actions reflect the motif of dual personalities. The above three elements illustrate Raskolnikovs inner turmoil in suppressing his angelic side. Thus it is ironic that he exclaims he shouldnt have given away money, yet later gives money to Sonyas family. Raskolnikovs failure in suppression foreshadows his failure as a superhuman. Although both protagonists share the characteristic of suppressing their love for others, they suffer different consequences. In Julius Caesar, Brutuss suppression of love for Caesar isnt clearly interpreted by Antony, who tells all, how dearly Caesar lovd him (Brutus)! This was the most unkindest cut of allThenall of us fell down. (Shakespeare, 3.2.180, 181, 189) Antonys such realization reveals his shrewdness and true, open love to Caesar, in contrast to his foil, Brutuss, suppressed love. Ironically, Antonys manifestation of his love for Caesar foreshadows Brutuss tragic downfall. Through this, Shakespeare is able to criticize the suppression of emotions. In Crime and Punishment, the protagonist Raskolnikov has a better fate than Brutus. He confesses his crime to Sonya, who he had sought a human being, when he needed one. (Dostoyevsky, 621) This quote reveals the theme of common suffering and understanding. Raskolnikovs suppression of compassion has resulted in his physical and psychological suffering. As Sonya is also subject to poverty, Raskolnikov knows she may understand his torment and help him find salvation. In both texts, the authors depicted how protagonists are forced to suppress emotions for others despite the differences in the consequences of their actions. Theres no permission or prohibition involved (for the extraordinary people). he (the ordinary person) will suffer when he realizes the error of his ways Secondly, the protagonists both choose to abandon their families and isolate themselves. In Julius Caesar, Portia questions Brutuss behaviour, And when I askd you what the matter was, / You stard upon me with ungentle looks. / Yet I insisted, yet you answerd me not. (Shakespeare, 2.1. 241, 245) Through this quote, readers are introduced to the protagonists alienation of wife Portia due to his patriotism. Brutuss insistent isolation denies the motif of emotional weakness, which is possessed by his foil Caesar when Calpurnia persuades him to stay home. The sharp contrast between these characters illustrates Brutuss honourable and heroic characteristics. The theme of lack of communication proves to be a tragic fallacy for both Brutus and Portia. If theyd openly shared the problem, the tragic downfall of both characters mightve been avoided. The protagonist of Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov, tells Sonya (Dostoyevsky, 291) that [He] deserted [his] family today, so [He] shant see them a nymore. This quote highlights the theme of isolation, caused by his belief in the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½bermensch theory. Raskolnikov chooses to desert his family because of his superhuman pursuit. However, his speech often reflects irony. His deep trustful relationship with Sonya foreshadows his incapability of achieving the superhuman state. Furthermore, Raskolnikov shows strong concern when Svidrigailov, Raskolnikovs foil and a round antagonist, attempts to harm Dunya, his sister, in Part V of the novel. Contradictory to his words, Raskolnikov reveals the motif of psychological uncertainty, which is closely related to his punishment. In both novels, the protagonists have attempted to isolate themselves from their families to achieve greatness. However, they regard their family and friends differently. Brutus is accompanied by friends throughout the play. The flat character, Lucilius, aids with Brutuss escape by impersonating him (Shakespeare, 5.4.7-8). This loyalty affirms Brutuss well association with his friends and reveals Brutuss nobleness in the eyes of his countrymen. On the other hand, Raskolnikov takes the isolation to a higher level by deserting his friends. He tells Razumikhin, I dont needanyoneIll manage by myselfon my own (Dostoyevsky, 136) The use of ellipsis again depicts the motif of psychological uncertainty. Raskolnikov wants to isolate himself, but his stumbling speech portrays his doubts in his ability to alienate himself. Thus, its quite ironic that he eventually seeks help from Sonya, for redemption, and Razumikhin, for taking care of his family. Shakespeare and Dostoyevsky illustrate the theme of isolation as one of the major themes in their text which contribute to the protagonists tragic downfalls. Lastly, we find that Shakespeare and Dostoevsky use both good and evil qualities to characterize their protagonists. Through this, they are able to successfully provoke the readers empathy despite the characters misjudgements. In the final scene of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony makes a concluding remark about Brutus after he has died, This was the noblest Roman of them all:/[Brutus] only, in a general honest thought/And common good to all, made one of them./This was a man! (Shakespeare, 5.5.68-75) Here, Antony demonstrates his admiration and respect for Brutus even though he was part of the conspiracy. The irony is revealed when Antony compliments the murderer of Caesar as noble even though he had previously aroused the crowds against Brutus in Act III. Antonys shrewdness also reflects the motif of nobleness, demonstrated by Brutuss patriotic reason in committing the murder. Using iambic pentameter, Antony praises Brutuss nobility sincerely. His speech reminds the readers of Brutus unselfish sacrifice for his country, simultaneously provoking empathy, enabling readers to associate Brutus more as a hero than that of a sinful criminal. Whereas in Crime and Punishment, in Raskolnikovs confession to Sonya, he says, Id started to search my conscience and ask myself whether I had any right to assume power over someone else like that meant that I didnt have any such right(Dostoyevsky, 500) This quote from the climax of the novel reflects a milestone in the plot development. By admitting this mistake, that he had no right to commit the murder, is the protagonists first step towards redemption, a major theme of the novel. Also, the novel is written in a third person limited omniscient point of view, thus readers are able to feel Raskolnikovs sorrow and intense emotions in his confession. Readers cant help but sympathize with Raskolnikov and his psychological torment caused by belief in the Ubermensch theory his tragic fallacy. Although the protagonists in the texts, Brutus and Raskolnikov, are murderers, the reasons behind their crimes are different. Brutus contemplates whether or not to kill Caesar and finally decides, It must be by his death. And for my part/I know no personal cause to spurn at him/But for the general (Shakespeare, 2.1.10-13) This quote again illustrates the motif of nobleness. In this quote, Brutus reveals his patriotic and unselfish reason for murdering Caesar in order to benefit the greater good. Shakespeare skilfully employs iambic pentameters here to reveal Brutuss nobility and determination in committing such crime. This quote also helps with plot development as it foreshadows Caesars death. Raskolnikov on the other hand, also commits murder but he has his own intentions. Raskolnikov confesses to Sonya, I didnt kill in order to help my mother! I didnt kill in order get money or power and thus be able to become a benefactor of mankind. I simply killed for no one but myself what I needed to knowwas whether I was a louse or a man. (Dostoyevsky, 500) This quote signifies Raskolnikovs motive in committing murder was not based on utilitarianism but personal needs. The anaphora used for rejecting his previous justification of the crime reflects his self-realization. Pride is a motif in the novel. By admitting his misjudgement, Raskolnikov demonstrates his wounded pride. This highlights his psychological growth from the crime. By combining positive and negative characteristics, Shakespeare and Dostoevsky have successfully portrayed the protagonists like real people, possessing flaws and merits. Thus, in the end, both authors have created protagonists who attempt to achieve greatness yet face difficulty in terms of overcoming relationships with important characters in their lives. Such difficulty halt their paths to greatness as it forces Brutus to find motivation to kill Caesar; and as it brings Raskolnikov to realize his inability to follow the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½bermensch theory for hes unable to overcome human compassion. However, both also fight their battles before realizing they were not meant for greatness; Brutus and Raskolnikov alienate their loved ones, but discover they cannot endure their absence. This portrayal of the protagonists illustrates how though their deeds are evil, they are still human and suffer as humans do thus earning our empathy where it was first nonexistent. In conclusion, therefore, with such similarities present in each protagonist throughout both stories of radically different timeframes, the authors William Shakespeare and Fyodor Dostoyevsky had evidently shared an ability to establish similar yet effectual protagonists; in this case, Shakespeare and Dostoyevsky with their distinctive great minds thought alike indeed. Bibliography Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. David McDuff. London: Penguin Books, 2003 Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Ed. Roma Gill. Oxford: Oxford University Press,

Telecommunications network at AMS :: essays research papers

Telecommunications network at AMS Businesses of today need more connectivity than ever. I am going to bring you a brief look into the telecommunications department of Alenia Marconi Systems. The phone system at AMS is what I would consider as your average phone and paging system. The network is setup, I believe, in a standard basic small business manner also. There is a server for email that is physically separate from the intranet and web server. AMS is a non aggressive facility when it comes to information technology. Businesses of today need more connectivity than ever. I am going to bring you a brief look into the telecommunications department of Alenia Marconi Systems. If you look hard you might even find one employee that is in charge of handling the details of the day to day information transfer, storage, and retrieval. Actually you need not look real hard, one extension is all you really need. The AMS Telecommunications department is as thin as they can possibly get away with. There are less than one hundred employees within the four walls of the company. Externally there are less than ten that need access to the internal system. Until recently, there was no IT department. The new IT division consists of one individual. Mainly, the equipment that needs to be attached to this system is an assortment of â€Å"antiques and hot rods† as they say. Some of the PC’s actually attached to the system are even using Windows 95 and the Microsoft Office equivalents. The phone system at AMS is what I would consider as your average phone and paging system. All of the phones have their own extension that can either be dialed as an extension or used as the last four numbers of the phone number. Within the network only the extension needs to be dialed with no previous number keying. I find this pretty handy when needing to contact other individuals within the company. Also, the equipment we test has multiple types of modems. Some of the baud rates we run them at are ranging everywhere from 8400 to 33600. The network is setup, I believe, in a standard basic small business manner also. There is a server for email that is physically separate from the intranet and web server. I would expect this should keep any stray viruses from getting into the intranet server via email. Plus the setup would make it more difficult for hacking because there is a double firewall with encrypted security.

Paul A Samuelson :: essays papers

Paul A Samuelson BIG ISSUES OF ECONOMIC CONCERN Samuelson has offered the world many economic theories. One area he is widely known for is his views on the spending multiplier. Samuelson has presented a way through his aggregate demand model to demonstrate how the spending multiplier affects individual types of spending. There are several components of aggregate demand. The basis for understanding this model is as follows: ïÆ'Ëœ An increase in prices causes a drop in household assets, thus causing consumers to spend less. ïÆ'Ëœ Increases in domestic prices reduce exports, which causes an increase in spending on imports. ïÆ'Ëœ The interest rate effect is when prices increase, as does the demand for money, thus increasing the interest rate. This forces a downward pressure on investment and purchases of durable goods. Therefore, investment, exports and consumption are all inversely related to pricing. In Samuelson’s model, government spending was the only constant. This means the government will always buy the same amount of goods no matter what the price. The aggregate demand schedule is therefore, the sum of consumption, investment, government purchases and exports. The chart below depicts the aggregate demand schedule. Price Level Consumption Investment Gov. Purchases Exports Real Expenditures (1986 $ billions) 160 400 75 100 25 600 140 450 100 100 50 700 120 500 125 100 75 800 100 550 150 100 100 9000 80 600 175 100 125 1000 Samuelson used this model to demonstrate how changes in these components would impact real expenditures. For example, the chart below shows the results if the government increased its purchases by $200 billion.

Donne’s use of conceit: Essay

The word conceit as a literary term can be defined is a â€Å"fairly elaborate figurative device†. The pleasure drawn form conceit is intellectual rather than sensual. John Donne has made abundant use of conceits in his love and religious poems to convey his message in a beautiful and intellectual way to his readers. He has made abundant use of metaphors, imagery and similes in his poems in order to pregnant them with aesthetic pleasure of first water. His poem ‘A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’ presents a glorious example of the use of metaphorical conceits in the love poems. In this poem he discusses and compares the intricate web of relationship between love, soul and body with the drawing compasses. The basic them of the poem is that love is a strong and powerful passion and it has the power of keeping the lovers linked together no matter how vast the physical differences are between them they will eventually meet and live together just like when one arm of compass started its journey and get separated from its other half. At the completion of the circle the separated half comes back and becomes joined together with its partner. That is the case which John Donne wanted to make with respect to the pair of the lovers in his poem ‘A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’ in which the lover says to his beloved, â€Å"Yet, when the other far doth roam,/ It leans, and hearkens after it, / And grows erect, as that comes home. † This basically implies that she must not fear the separation as the power of her love will guard him and bring him back to her at last. John Donne also makes a very good and meaningful use of conceit in his spiritual poems. For instance in his holy poem ‘A Nocturnal Upon Saint Lucy’s Day’ the use of summer solastics is made to convey in a marvelous way the hopes of the poet. He says in the poem that â€Å"TIS the year’s midnight, and it is the day’s,/Lucy’s, who scarce seven hours herself unmasks ;/ The sun is spent, and now his flasks/ Send forth light squibs, no constant rays ;† the real meaning of the poet is to present himself as an empty self which will be rejuvenated by love. â€Å"Rape of the Lock† and the satirical portrait of Belinda. The mock-heroic is defined as a style of writing in which a heroic manner is adopted to make a trivial subject seem grand in such a way as to satirize the style, and it is therefore commonly used in burlesque and parody. Alexander pope use this style in his long poem entitled â€Å"Rape of the Lock† to satirize the manners and life style of the fashionable society of eighteenth century England. The most important incident in the poem is the cutting of a lock of hair that resulted in the development of fight between two families, as he says â€Å"What dire Offence from am’rous Causes springs,/What mighty Contests rise from trivial Things, [I. 1-2]† . Belinda is the heroine of the poem and she is also served as the butt of satire by Pope. She is discussed as the vain and empty minded women of that fashionable society. Who cares more for her beauty and less for her religion and morality, he says that â€Å"And now, unveil’d, the Toilet stands display’d,/Each Silver Vase in mystic Order laid. /First, rob’d in White, the Nymph intent adores/With Head uncover’d, the Cosmetic Pow’rs. /A heav’nly Image in the Glass appears,/To that she bends, to that her Eyes she rears; [l. 121-6]. † Belinda is also criticized by Pope in the way she has placed bible among the other trivialities of her cosmetics, â€Å" Here Files of Pins extend their shining Rows,/ Puffs, Powders, Patches, Bibles, Billet-doux. [l. 137-8]† Belinda is discussed as the type of women of eighteenth century fashionable society who lived there lives just for the sake of gilded chariots, pearls and rubies, beautiful dresses, cosmetics, lovers and raising hue and cry over immensely trivial matters. They have no heart or mind for religion, morality, or any other serious discipline of life. Philip Sidney and Shakespeare’s sonnets: Sir Philip Sidney set the vogue of writing sonnet-sequences, In fact, after Wyatt and Surrey; the sonnet was neglected for a number of years. It was for Sidney to revitalize this form by composing one hundred and eight sonnets, all put in Astrophel and Stella, commemorating his fruitless love for Penelope Deveneux, the daughter of his patron, the Earl of Essex. Sidney wrote the sonnet, not to satisfy the call of the age, but to express his heart-felt love-experience. Sidney’s sonnets reveal a true lyric emotion. On the one hand, there is in these sonnets much of the conventional material of the Italian sonneteers; but on the other hand there are touches so apt to the situation of a man who loves too late that one hesitates to ascribe them to mere dramatic skill. In Astrophel and Stella, Sidney writes not because it is a pleasant add accomplished thing to do but because he must. His sonnets let out blood. As a sonneteer Sidney is placed next only to Shakespeare and Spenser. His best written sonnets are : Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show’ ; With how sad steps, 0 Moon, thou climb’st the skies’; ‘Come Sleep, O Sleep, the certain knot of peace’, ‘having this day, my horse, my hand, my lance’ and ‘No, more my dear, no more these counsels try’. Sidney’s sonnets are mostly written in mixed Italian and English forms. Shakespeare has followed the pattern of Surrey in his sonnets. Since he has made a splendid use of this form, it is known after him and not surrey, its real originator.

Faustus and Conflict Essay

Christopher Marlowe’s play â€Å"Doctor Faustus† presents a story that is filled with various forms of significant philosophical conflict. While, on the surface, the play is intended to focus on the â€Å"form of Faustus’ fortunes,† the scope of the play includes commentary on several other important themes (Prologue.8). Marlowe uses Faustus’s position to demonstrate a sharp contrast between the values of the medieval time period with the developing values associated with the Renaissance movement. Faustus’s story shows a direct conflict between the traditional and the modern in its form, its ideology, and its view of religion. Since Marlow maintains an ongoing struggle between these various elements throughout the play, a struggle also exists between the tragic and comedic elements of the story. Marlowe’s ambiguity toward the primary direction of the play creates a situation in which the ultimate purpose of the play’s comedic scenes remains uncertain even after Faustus’s final moments. The content of Faustus’s story superficially focuses on Faustus’s struggle to maintain control over the destiny of his own soul. Faustus’s desire to become â€Å"a mighty god† leads him to make a deal with Lucifer, in which he exchanges his soul for twenty four years of demonic power (1.62). Throughout the play Faustus struggles with repentance and disbelief, and he is eventually condemned to Hell for his actions. Symbolically, Faustus’s story is more appropriately a representation of the struggle, evident during Marlowe’s time period, between the traditional ideas of the medieval period and the modern ideas of the Renaissance. This conflict is evident within the first few lines of the play. Marlowe begins the play by having Faustus announce that he has given up on the traditional schools of thought, such as the study of religion, law, and medicine. Instead, he plans to study â€Å"that damned art† of necromancy or black magic (2.29). While traditional medieval thought encouraged the unquestioning acceptance of ancient philosophy, Renaissance thought encouraged experimentation and a rethinking of previously accepted beliefs. While Faustus’s actions may show his support of these Renaissance beliefs, his ultimate demise suggests that Renaissance thought may also be imperfect because it does not include a belief in God. This dualism between modern and traditional thought is also evident in the structure of the play. Marlowe employs elements that would be common in most traditional plays, such as the use of a chorus. He also uses mythical comparisons, depicting Faustus as another Icarus, a man who will eventually â€Å"mount above his reach† (Prologue.21). Faustus is also depicted as a tragically flawed character. Faustus is portrayed by the Chorus as being â€Å"swollen with cunning† (Prologue.20). Like Achilles, Hercules, or other traditional Greek heroes, Faustus has a character flaw that will mostly likely lead to his demise, but the eternal damnation of Faustus, to the Elizabethan audience, would be the equivalent of damning great Greek heroes, and thus creates artificial traditional expectations of the play. Simultaneously, Marlowe also ignores many of the important characteristics of traditional tragedies. While most tragedies depict historically important characters, Faustus’s story is a tale of an ordinary man, not of the â€Å"courts of kings† or the â€Å"pomp of proud audacious deeds† (Prologue.4-5). By focusing on the common man and also by writing in blank verse, a style that was uncommon during this period, Marlowe breaks away from the traditional expectations of a tragic play. Faustus’s view of religion also constantly vacillates between a traditional acceptance of Christianity and a modern rejection of it. When Faustus initially reads that â€Å"[t]he reward of sin is death,† and that â€Å"[i]f we say we that we have no sin, / We deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us† he suggests that Christianity is a futile endeavor and decides that â€Å"What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu!† (1.40-43, 48). He mistakenly characterizes Christianity as being based on punishment rather than on forgiveness, a mistake that he repeats throughout the play. Later, he believes his heart has become â€Å"so hardened† that he â€Å"cannot repent!† (5.196). While he initially suggests that Hell is nothing but a fable, Faustus’s religious convictions continue to grow. Upon seeing Lucifer and Mephistopheles, he cries out, â€Å"O Faustus, they are come to fetch thy soul!† and even murmurs â€Å"Consummatum est,† meaning â€Å"it is finished,† which were Christ’s dying words on the cross, after signing his deal with Lucifer (5.264, 74). In this manner, Marlowe remains ambiguous throughout most of the play as to his position on the various conflicts he has depicted. For the audience, Faustus position as a modern man and Marlowe’s portrayal of religion remain in doubt. For this reason, the comedic scenes also remain ambiguous throughout the play. The audience remains uncomfortably unsure as to whether the comedy is intended to garner support for Faustus as the ultimate hero of the story or to mock Faustus by foreshadowing his own demise. The conclusion of the play demonstrates that the comedy depicted in the play, in addition to its theatrical purpose of providing a comedic interlude, provides a critical depiction of Faustus’s fall from grace. One of the first comedic scenes in the play occurs when Faustus asks the demon Mephistopheles to reappear in the habit of a friar since â€Å"[t]hat holy shape becomes a devil best† (3.26). While the depiction of a devil in the garb of a Catholic friar would have undoubtedly been hysterical to Marlowe’s staunchly Protestant audience, the scene also carries significant meaning. By having Mephistopheles disguise his true figure, Faustus, despite his fearless speech, seems unable to stomach the true nature of Hell. Even when Mephistopheles seems to warn Faustus that his own â€Å"pride and insolence† have forever barred him â€Å"from the face of heaven† and that he is now â€Å"tormented with ten thousand hells,† Faust clings to his own diluted version of Hell (3.67-68, 79). He delusionally envisions Hell as a continuation of an earthly existence, and criticizes Mephistopheles for his lack of â€Å"manly fortitude† (3.85). The comedy within the play is continued by the antics of the characters Wagner, Robin, Rafe, and the Clown. Most of these comedic actions seem to foreshadow Faustus’s own downfall. The first depiction of Wagner and the Clown mirrors Faustus signing his soul over to Lucifer. During this scene, Wagner convinces the Clown to become his servant for seven years, and the Clown jokes about how he would sell his soul for a shoulder of well-seasoned mutton. While represented in a comedic fashion, this scene foreshadowing the triviality of the power Faustus has obtained in exchange for his soul. As suggested by Mephistopheles’s unwillingness to discuss things that are â€Å"against our kingdom,† Faustus soon discovers that there are severe limitations placed upon the power wielded by Lucifer and his minions (5.247). In another comedic scene involving these characters, Robin, the stable hand, and Rafe steal a cup from a tavern and are pursued by the tavern wine-maker. Robin summons Mephistopheles to frighten the vintner, and is chastised by the demon for being summoned for a practical joke. Mephistopheles threatens to turn the two men into a dog and an ape. While Mephistopheles is obviously angered by the triviality of Robin’s request, his anger also reflects his own suggestion that Faustus abandon his â€Å"frivolous demands† (3.81). This scene foreshadows how Faustus will eventually abandon his own lofty goals and will also use his power primarily to play practical jokes. Much of the comedy in the play is related to the digression of Faustus’s goals and the ways in which he employs his power. Faustus begins the play with many lofty goals. With his powers, Faustus plans to have spirits bring him jewels from around the world, teach him vast secrets of the universe, and make him king of Germany. He planed to change the course of the Rhine River and remake the entire map of Europe. Initially, Faustus appears to be on the path toward reaching these goals. Wagner tells how Faustus has ridden through the cosmos on the back of a dragon learning the secrets of astronomy from Mephistopheles. But Faustus quickly losses momentum, and, upon reaching Rome, decides to use his power to play practical jokes on the Pope. While this idea would, once again, be extremely funny to Marlowe’s Protestant audience, it represents the beginning of Faustus’s digression. As time progresses, Faustus’s audiences also decrease in their level of importance. Following his time with the Pope, one of the most influential figures during this time period, Faustus meets the German Emperor Charles V, who is also an important figure but not as important as the Pope. During this meeting, Faustus, unable to fulfill the requests made by Charles due to more limitations on his powers, embarrasses a disrespectful knight in the King’s court by placing antlers on his head. This digression continues as Faustus final audience is with a simple nobleman and his wife. Faustus’s display of power consists of fetching out of season grapes for the nobleman’s wife. The comedy during these scenes primarily includes a practical joke Faustus plays on a horse-courser. Like Robin and Rafe’s practical joke, Faustus now uses his power to play jokes on people his has already angered. Like many other aspects of the play, the comedy depicted by Faustus’s gradual demise also remains ambiguous. For many, this demise can be seen as a failure in Renaissance thought. Faustus’s search for power and knowledge has left him disconnected from God, the ultimate source of both. By not including God or morality in his search for truth, Faustus has become corrupted by the influences of power and no longer retains his somewhat nobler purposes. But Faustus also simultaneously fails in his attempts to incorporate a more traditional view of religion into his life. He recalls that â€Å"Christ did call the thief upon the cross,† believing that he too will be brought into paradise. Faustus, particularly during his last hours on Earth, seems to exhaust every possibility of incorporating religion into his life. He offers to make deals with God, begs for mercy if not redemption, and even turns to Helen of Troy, a representation of feminine virtue or Mother Mary, for reprieve. Faustus’s condemnation demonstrates how Faustus has been simultaneously failed both by traditional religion and by the beliefs held by modern Renaissance thinkers. In conclusion, the comedy within this play serves a variety of purposes. Like many of the other elements in the play, the comic and tragic elements seem to struggle with one another throughout the play. This struggle is also seen in Faustus’s struggle between Renaissance thought and form and a more traditional view of life and religion. When coupled with these various forms of conflict, the comedic scenes within â€Å"Doctor Faustus† cause the play to constantly waver between tragedy and comedy, leaving the audience without any knowledge of how the play will ultimately end or of the true meaning of the play. Most of the comedy seems to mock Faustus’s decision to embrace a modern philosophy toward life, but, when religion ultimately fails him as well, Faustus seems to be a completely hopeless representation of man. The play’s comedic scenes are another method, employed by Marlowe, to create confusion and veil the true significance of the play.