Migrants vs. Refugees

Transients versus Displaced people Transients versus Displaced people Transients versus Displaced people By Maeve Maddox A peruser ponders about the utilization of these words in the media: It would be ideal if you clarify the contrast among transients and outcasts. The news has given constant inclusion of vagrants running to Europe from the Middle East and northern Africa. It appears to me these individuals ought to be all the more precisely portrayed as displaced people. For what reason would they say they are abruptly viewed as vagrants? Applied to people, the word vagrant has an essential importance of â€Å"a individual who moves incidentally or occasionally from spot to place.† The thing is likewise utilized attributively, as in â€Å"migrant camps† and â€Å"migrant policies.† In the United States, the most well-known utilization of vagrant is with regards to agrarian specialists: Somewhere in the range of one and 3,000,000 vagrant ranch laborers leave their homes each year to plant, develop, gather, and pack organic products, vegetables and nuts in the U.S.  In Australia, the word transient is ordinarily applied to foreigners who have come to make a lasting home in the nation: Settlement administrations are proposed to help new vagrants to partake as soon and as completely as conceivable in Australia s economy and society. A transient decides to venture out from home, yet an exile is compelled to look for a position of security somewhere else, frequently in an outside nation. Individuals escape their homes for causes that incorporate war, strict oppression, political difficulties, and cataclysmic event. The soonest utilization of the word displaced person in English was concerning Protestants who fled France in the seventeenth century. In the media, the word transient is here and there utilized alone regarding the crowds of individuals directly moving into Europe, yet progressively, the two words are utilized together: Many thousands ofâ migrants and refugeesâ have entered Germany as of late in the wake of making exhausting excursions through different nations. The entirety of the individuals flooding into Europe from Syria and somewhere else are vagrants, however not all are displaced people as indicated by the global lawful definition. As characterized by worldwide law, an outcast is an individual who has fled a nation to get away from war or mistreatment and can demonstrate it. Outcasts are qualified for essential insurances as characterized by a United Nations show. Checked displaced people can't be sent back to nations where their lives would be in danger.â Transients, then again, move starting with one spot then onto the next for reasons that might be justifiable, however are not adequate to characterize them as evacuees. For instance, a few vagrants are escaping destitution. Others may have been living above destitution in their nations of origin, however choose to emigrate looking for better monetary chances. Note: Although individuals escaping the pulverization of catastrophic events are regularly alluded to as outcasts, they are not at present remembered for the universal lawful definition. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should KnowWhat's a Male Mistress?20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Technology And Television Child Obesity Essays - Obesity

Innovation And Television: Child Obesity Innovation and Television: Child Obesity The offspring of today are getting progressively fat, for the way that they are acquiring apathy. They are investing more energy before the TV then they are getting their day by day work out. Their developing bodies need exercise to lose child fat before it gets the opportunity to be a major issue. The development of innovation has shaped a significant effect on the weight of todays youngsters. This innovation has subbed typical youth play practices with PC games that require less physical exertion. Due to innovation in the present society the issue with youngster corpulence has gotten massively increased. To start with, what is youngster corpulence? The term youngster heftiness implies a kid is an individual among birth and pubescence and hefty is very fat: corpulent(The American Heritage Dictionary 265,856). This ailment is caused because of an absence of activity and over-eating by a youngster. Kid heftiness can cause numerous clinical issues for a youngster that experiences such a malady. Obesty is an across the board ailment that is deteriorating as innovation increments. Besides, clearly the absence of activity has a significant part to do with kid weight; researchers reprimand the TV for a substitute to open air sports. Children are investing more energy sit in front of the TV than they are doing physical exercises. The discoveries unequivocally bolster the thought that the most significant way of life factor in youth heftiness is TV watching(Monmaney). The TV breathes life into the childs creative mind, giving them diversion to manage without the running and practicing of open air sports. The more TV a kid watches the more hefty the youngster will get. Next, the issue is getting so insane that the legislature will need to begin getting included. Satcher and Shirley Watkins, the undersecretary of agribusiness for food, sustenance and purchaser administrations said that, 'television builds weight, smothers imagination and abbreviates capacities to focus among youngsters' (Bauder). This is their explanation behind joining the battle for a TV-Free America. It is evaluated that a fat kid watches a normal of four hours and nine minutes of TV every day. That is four hours that a youngster could be holding with their family or making a move in some physical action. Hence, issue with kid weight begins as youthful as earliest stages. On the off chance that the youngster's folks don't pressure practice the kid will locate an elective method to possess their time. For instance, playing a game cartridge as opposed to shooting bands or flying a kite. The game cartridge furnishes inexpensive diversion with almost no wellness included. Ross Andersen prescribes that guardians discover options in contrast to staring at the TV for their kids (Joseph). A parent should do anything conceivable to get their children from the TV. Ether by making every day arrangements with planned interims restricting the measure of TV the kid can watch or marking them up for YMCA sport exercises. Regardless of whether the parent has a bustling work routine, make time to profit the kid. In spite of the fact that, there are various measures of physician endorsed drugs for youngster stoutness, the side influences are unreasonably hazardous for the more youthful kid. The most straightforward approach to tackle this notable ailment is by halting the issue before it begins. In the event that you can mediate with overweight youngsters before they are completely developed, you can regularly assist them with developing into their weight and keep them from turning out to be overweight grown-ups. Some overweight kids dont need to get thinner as much as they have to put on weight at a more slow rate. (Discroll) Proceeding onward, a few kids don't have to get more fit, however need assistance developing into the weight they as of now have. They can utilize help to slow the rate at which they put on weight, making it simpler for them to develop into it. Also, the wellbeing hazard looked by kids with the sickness of youngster weight is tremendous. In excess of 70 percent of all cases continue into adulthood(Mellin). Stoutness during grown-up years is related with expanded paces of illnesses, for example, hyperinsulinemia, coronary illness, angina, atherosclerosis, different tumors, orthopedic issues, and gout alongside numerous other present moment and psychosocial outcomes of weight in kids. Therefore, with the innovation in todays society the issue with kid weight has to a great extent heightened. The administration of weight and overweight in youngsters is an

CICR Fellowship Deadline Extended COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

CICR Fellowship Deadline Extended COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog On April 6th I posted some information about a fellowship opportunity associated with the Center for International Conflict Resolution.   I am happy to say that the deadline to apply has been extended.   For full details of the fellowship, please revisit this post.   Over $20,000 is being awarded and this certainly is a wonderful opportunity if you qualify to apply. The following is the communication I received: The Center for International Conflict Resolution at Columbia University has extended the deadline for all Masters and Doctoral students applying for Fellowships at The Fund for Global Environment and Conflict Resolution until 5pm on April 30. Please send all applications and application material to cicrapplications@columbia.edu. You can contact CICR Assistant Director, Josie Lianna Kaye at jlk2149@columbia.edu for more details.

The Issue Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients And Applicants

This paper will explore the pros and cons on the issue of drug testing welfare recipients and applicants. The journals and articles used to determine whether drug testing is necessary or a hindrance to public assistance applicants, recipients and the government vary in their argument on the effects of those who receive assistance. The study, completed by Anderson, Shannon, Schyb and Goldstein (2002) determined that, due to the change in Welfare reform in 1996, the disruption of benefits increased the risk homelessness and usage of drugs and alcohol. Montoya, Bell, Atkinson, Nagy and Whitsett (2002) studied the differences in 442 female welfare recipients’ psychological and employment well-being based on chronic use or non-drug usage. Morgenstern and Blanchard (2006) argue that the changes in welfare reform may significantly reduce the amount of drug using recipients and applicants on welfare and increase in substance abuse programs. This paper will examine statistical data, recommendations by the U.S. Commission of Civil Rights and the studies of Anderson et al. (2002), Montoya et al.(2002), and Morgenstern et al.(2006) to bring to light the varying conclusions made over the last 13 years, 2002-2015, as to the effectiveness and ineffectiveness that drug testing may have on welfare recipients and applicants. Keywords: Drug testing, welfare reform, welfare recipients and applicants The Pros and Cons of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients and Applicants In recent years, manyShow MoreRelatedShould Drug Testing Welfare Recipients? Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of drugs is an immense problem in today’s society. The big question is, is it a problem within the welfare system? Drug use isn’t just a problem of poverty; it’s found among all groups and classes. As said in Jamelle Bouies article, The Myth of Drug Use and Welfare, â€Å"The myth of welfare recipients spending their benefits on drugs is just that—a myth. And indeed, in Utah, only 12 people out of 466—or 2.5 percent—showed evidence of drug use after a mandatory screening.† Drug testing welfare recipientsRead MoreWelfare Reform : Social Welfare Policy1257 Words   |  6 Pages Social Welfare Policy Social Welfare Policy Analysis Eric Dean University of Arkansas Introduction Several states have recently begun to enact legislation that requires welfare recipients to submit to drug tests before they are eligible to receive any public assistance. The purpose of mandatory drug testing is to prevent the potential abuse of taxpayer money, help individuals with drug problems, and ensure that public money is not subsidizing drug habits (Wincup, 2014). WhileRead MoreDrug Testing For Welfare Recipients1347 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Since the reformation of welfare in 1996, nearly all states have attempted to pass legislation to require the use of drug testing among welfare recipients. Thirteen states have passed legislation and there are currently seven states testing applicants for drugs. The results have been somewhat anticlimactic, as the number of positive drug test results is lower than the national average. There are many concerns surrounding the issue of drug testing welfare recipients, including the cost, constitutionalityRead MoreDrug Testing : A Controversial Issue Right Now1439 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Mandatorily Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Does More Harm Than Good Mandatorily Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Does More Harm Than Good Clare M. Pitlik Marist High School Author Note First paragraph: Introduction to history of drug testing welfare recipients Second paragraph: Explains why drug testing welfare recipients is unconstitutional Third paragraph: Explains why drug testing welfare recipients is costly Fourth paragraph: Rebuttals Fifth paragraph:Read MoreEssay about Drug Testing Welfare Recipients1518 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Testing Welfare Recipients: Unconstitutional â€Å"A closed mouth doesn’t get fed† is a saying that many people have heard throughout life. This saying was brought about to encourage people to ask for help if needed. But what happens when the open mouth asked to be fed, and instead of receiving help they are forced to be demeaned by going through a rigorous process that assumes that all applicants fall in to the category of drug addicts? Guilty until proven innocent is the message conveyed to personsRead MoreDrug Testing the Less Fortunate 1023 Words   |  4 PagesShould drug testing be a necessity for all state and federal aid programs? Drug testing welfare recipients have been a major issue across the United States for a few years now. Many indicate that if working class people are subject to a test prior to hire or randomly during the duration of employment, why should those that don’t have to work for money not have the same treatment? The government estimated that random annual drug testing for w elfare recipients would cost each taxpayer an additionalRead MorePeople Collecting Welfare Should Undergo Testing804 Words   |  3 PagesPeople collecting welfare should undergo drug testing to get the money the government is giving them, because it makes welfare applicants go down at least 48 percent, it also will help the national debt go down and help people with their drug problems. There are many benefits of drug testing welfare recipients. Floridas policy of requiring drug testing for welfare applicants appears to have reduced new welfare enrollments by as much as 48 percent. Welfare recipients in Florida now will have toRead MoreWelfare Drug Testing Persuasive Speech1704 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction a.i) Government assistance, or welfare, is a very broad term. There are many different welfare programs available in the United States e.g., food stamps, cash assistance, and government housing. Currently there is mass debate, in courtrooms across the U.S., regarding the legality and morality of pre-assistance drug testing. This report is intended to familiarize the reader with the history of welfare reform; the histories of drug testing in regards to assistance eligibility; and persuadeRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1526 Words   |  7 PagesBreez Arann Ms. Holiday English 12 11/04/15 Mandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients When the United States’ welfare program was created during the Great Depression, it was meant to temporarily relieve the burdens of the one-fourth of American families who were unemployed, and struggling financially. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act in 1935, then amended it in 1939 to create programs to assist families with unemployment compensation, and to create government agenciesRead MoreDrug Testing Should Be Legal1447 Words   |  6 PagesRecently, 13 states have passed laws requiring welfare applicants to take drug tests. Current public debate questions whether these tests are necessary. Support, refute, or qualify the need for implementing required drug tests for those receiving or applying for welfare. â€Å"Hi, I’m a recovering crackhead†¦ I’d like some welfare please.† From It s Always Sunny in Philadelphia Most people believe that drug testing welfare applicants and recipients is necessary and saves the government and taxpayers’

Analysis Of Getting Down Up What Is Really Real

Argumentative Essay #1 In the essay â€Å"Getting Down To What Is Really Real,† John Jeremiah Sullivan discusses the reality TV show â€Å"The Real World†. In his essay, Sullivan gives us an inside experience with the main stars of the show in order to give us a glimpse of what their real lives are like. He argues, â€Å"the single most interesting thing about reality TV, is the way it has successfully appropriated reality†(Sullivan 97). Similarly, Hispanic culture has been portrayed stereotypically in TV shows and films throughout the years. Latino characters on TV mostly take roles of maids, thugs and Latin lovers who have a heavy accent and immigration problems (Nittle). Movies like Maid In Manhattan and A Day Without A Mexican have represented these stereotypes quite clearly, and that sadly reflects how people see them. However, most recently, the TV show Jane The Virgin is applying a more complex and realistic depiction of Hispanic characters by breaking these stereotypes. The mov ie Maid In Manhattan (2002) is one example of a stereotypical image of a Latina woman. Marisa Ventura, the main character, is a single mother that lives in New York City and works as a maid in a very upper class hotel in Manhattan. Latina Marisa happened to meet an Anglo politician staying at the hotel but he had mistaken her as a guest in that hotel. A romance began between them but Marisa was afraid to reveal herself as a maid out of fear from the very different worlds they come from. Likewise,Show MoreRelatedThe Psychoanalytic Process Of Therapy795 Words   |  4 PagesThis week we learned about the psychoanalytic process of therapy and what clients go through during therapy when counselors are utilizing this theory. I thought this was a little different to what I visualize of when a client comes in for therapy. Oh really, why is that? Okay let me explain what is involved during psychoanalytic therapy and you tell me if it is what you picture for therapy? Ok. During this type of therapy there are four phases a client goes through. At the beginning, the client willRead MoreGlobus Report1493 Words   |  6 PagesGLOBUS REFLECTION The task and the Standards The objective of this Globus game is to run a company in the real environment which is we will compete with other companies. On this simulation I am becoming co-manager of a camera industry. All of the company have two products in the market which is Entry level camera and multi featured camera. And the market area is divided into 4 region which is : 1.North America 2. Europe-Africa 3. Asia Pacific 4. Latin America. One group have 3 membersRead MoreCase Study Analysis : Time Management900 Words   |  4 PagesLiz Benz Case Study Analysis #1: Time Management 1. What was your score? The score I came up with was 1,105. I found myself reading the scoring directions over many times and found them very confusing so I’m not totally confident I scored it correctly. 2. Overall, how do you feel you did with the exercise? Overall, I feel I did ok with the exercise. Quite frankly, I found it quite confusing and not very realistic. I don’t chop my day into  ½ hour increments as was done in the exercise; myRead MoreFreedom Writers Analysis Paper786 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom Writers Analysis Over the years, I had heard many positive things said about this movie, but yet I had never taken the time to rent the movie and watch it myself. That is why I am so glad that this movie was our assignment. Freedom writers far exceeded my expectations. It truly was touching to see an adaptation of real live stories come to play. Watching a young woman, a teacher, who was completely out of her element and her comfort zone, grow to actually take an interest in these kids thatRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 PagesPhoenix is a really strong lady that would sacrifice herself everyday just to go get medicine for his grandson. In Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path, symbols are used in multiplex ways in the short story.In the story the character Phoenix Jackson is a symbol of a mythical bird. A mythical bird is a bird that lives 500 years, dies is reborn again. Phoenix is described as a mythical bird because they describe her as if she’s lived more than a century. In an article titled â€Å"’A Worn Path’ Analysis† the authorRead MoreChallenges For Project Management1484 Words   |  6 Pagescertification do not have time to sit through a 35 hour class nor want to sit through 35 hours of video instruction. Therefore, I break the concepts down into microlearning bites that are interactive and entertaining and add gamification learning to the process. A. Give your â€Å"pitch† for the investor or lender, summarizing in a sentence what funding is needed and what the repayment or ROI will be for them; Funding is needed for ongoing production costs associated with building the project management libraryRead MoreGS1140 Mod6 Project1335 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities. These three challenges have the potential to make my education and career goal difficult to obtain. Step2: Define the Problems Since step one was written a couple of things have changed and I realized typing was not really a problem. K.T. Problem Analysis What Is Is Not Distinction ability to read and spell Lack of effort Lack of desire Lack of intelligence The desire is there but never learned how and I have a leaning difference Where Is Is Not Distinction At work and in schoolRead MoreEssay Clover Valley Dairy Case Study - Letter to Charles Krieger958 Words   |  4 Pagesare much appreciated and are really very helpful in what we are trying to do. 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He lives in New Bern, North Carolina with his wife CatherineRead MoreA Comparative Critique Of Maria Tatar s An Introduction To Fairy Tales And 1583 Words   |  7 PagesA comparative Critique of Maria Tatar’s â€Å"An Introduction to Fairy Tales† and Bruno Bettelheim’s â€Å"Fairy Tales and Modern Stories†. Fairy tales always have a way of making the reader feel really connected to the protagonist through the use of hardship. Readers get attached to the protagonist by using their own life’s problem to replace with the protagonist’s problem and the journey of the protagonist overcoming their problems gives the reader sense of hope to look forward to in their own lives

Inclusion Of Special Education Classroom - 1488 Words

Over the past twenty years, there has been a strong movement within schools around the United States to integrate students with disabilities in to general education classrooms. Schools have been making more efforts to increase educational opportunities for students with disabilities, and while there are many benefits to inclusion, there are also many challenges. Inclusion of special education students in a regular education classroom continues to be the center of debate amongst administrators and teachers. Everyone has their own ideas and attitudes towards inclusion, and research studies have revealed that there are many things that contribute to those positive or negative attitudes. Review of Literature According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, students with disabilities should be placed in a â€Å"least restrictive environment.† One of the main ideas of this act was to improve the learning experiences of students with disabilities by giving them learning opportunities outside of a special education classroom. The number of students with disabilities being placed in their general education classrooms is increasing more and more each year. The U.S Department of Education’s 27th annual report to Congress on the implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2005) indicates that the number of students with disabilities in general education classrooms has risen to almost 50 percent. This is about a 17 percent increase from the 1997 U.SShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I am going to be talking about the pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education chi ldren. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important, even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don’t understand what goes into Special Education for children in schools. â€Å"Negative beliefs many people have about individualsRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of Our Lives1420 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is an integral part of our lives. We all seek education in one form or another, and at different levels. The importance of education cannot be stressed enough. Education is knowledge gained and knowledge is power. Education gives us a knowledge of the world around us and changes it into something better. The influence of special education focuses on individualized directions and teaching. Special education has gone from just identifying individuals with disabilities and showin g themRead MoreA Brief Note On Education And Individual Education870 Words   |  4 Pagesdo these terms apply to education and individual education programs for students? I do not believe that we, as educators, can create a â€Å"one size fits all† education plan for special needs students. When it comes to a student with disabilities educational placement and the consideration of inclusion, I believe that the educational placement decision should be determined on an individual student basis. There are many advantages, as well as, some disadvantages of inclusion for students with and withoutRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesschool inclusion has become a very important academic approach within the United States. Since the passage of No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001, there has been debate and discussion about how the law will impact students with disabilities. The Department of Education agrees that the issue deserves attention on how it responds to the diverse needs of children, families, and general society. This literature review examined the benefits, limitations, advantages, and barriers of inclusion for teachersRead MoreThe Inclusion of Children with Special Needs in a Normal Classroom972 Words   |  4 Pageswith special needs are educated in a designated classroom or included into a general classroom. Inclusion is educating special-needs students in a classroom with non-special needs students. Debate about inclusion or separate classrooms for children with disabilities has been a topic of discussion in the educational school setting for decades. Supporters of inclusion believe special-needs students, teachers, and non-disabled students do better academically and socially in a diverse classroom settingRead MoreSpecial Education Students: Inclusion vs Reality Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shocking and demeaning words such as idiot, moron, and retard were once used as actual labels for disabled children in special education. â€Å"Prior to 1975, schools were not mandated to educate students with disabilities . . . . [Those with disabilities] were deemed to be uneducable and were barred from entering schools† (â€Å"Exceptional Students†). Federal and state laws, as well as mandates, now require schools to educate all children with disabilities in the least restrictive environmentRead MoreSchools In The Present-Day Society Are Constantly Shifting1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthat schools are aspiring to take effect is inclusion in the daily classroom. Schools are hopeful of the benefits and advances that a program like this could bring. The enactment of inclusion is heavily connected by all students, teachers and parent’s attitudes whether they are voiced positively or negatively. Even though inclusion in classrooms is growing rapidly, there is little data to support its effectiveness. The lack of evidence may be because inclusion is beneficial to a child s social and readingRead MoreInclusion Has Been A Major Topic Between Educators And1576 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion has been a major topic between educators and parents of special needs children for years. Many believe that it would a good idea to educat e general education children in the same classroom along with special needs children, including those with multiple disabilities. And then there are many that believe special education and general education can actually can be accomplished in one classroom along with one general education teacher and one special education teacher working together , teachingRead MoreInclusion For Students With Special Needs1512 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Education discipline, there has been a long debate for many years over the topic of inclusion. Inclusive education is defined as students with disabilities, being supported in age appropriate general education classrooms, at their home school, and receiving specialized instruction as needed per the student’s IEP (Individualized Education Program) within the general education class curriculum and activities. 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Comparison of Child Prodigy W.a Mozart and Michael Jackson free essay sample

Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that affects -?1% of the population worldwide (Scores 2009). It is characterized by so-called positive symptoms- including delusions and hallucinations-negative symptoms-including blunted emotions and social isolation-and cognitive deficits-including impairments in attention and working memory (Scores 2009). It is a mental illness, believed to be the results of multiple factors both genetic and environmental. Affecting over 2 million people in the US alone, it has become a major clinical and public health concern worldwide.However, it has been referred to as a hidden epidemic. The repose of this paper is to define schizophrenia, inform about the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment for schizophrenia. My research Is qualitative, based on examples of different types of Schizophrenia and to explain It is psychological disorder which can afflict a person throughout their lifetime due to it is like all other mental illness, there is no known cure. Keywords: Defining Schizophrenia, Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Salisbury, Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a master of music. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Child Prodigy W.a Mozart and Michael Jackson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mozart was a child prodigy, and was able to play the piano, violin, and organ by age six but composing his own music at five (Wright, 2004). His father, Leopold Mozart, sacrificed his own career as a respected composer and theorist so he could concentrate on fostering his prodigy sons talents. He taught Mozart the violin, piano and musical theory, all of which Mozart excelled at. At the age of four, Mozart was writing piano concertos and he completed his first opera, when he was eleven.Mozart spent most of his childhood touring Europe with his sister and he got his first Job at the age thirteen for the Archbishop of Salisbury. He worked here for twelve years until the archbishop dismissed him. Mozart moved to Vienna, the musical capital of the world at the time. He had been successful there as a child prodigy but as an adult had difficulty in finding work. Let was in Vienna that Mozart met Haydn, who took Mozart under his wing and nurtured Mozart talents like a second father. To make a living, Mozart wrote operas which were becoming very popular. Musical ideas sprang from Mozart mind. His only task in composing was actually writing the music down on paper. Around this time he fell in love with a woman called Alyssa Weber. He asked her to marry him but she declined and so he married her sister Constance instead. For their wedding, Mozart wrote his great C-minor composition. Mozart had more success as a composer when he visited Prague. He was commissioned to write several operas and he enjoyed a successful career.Mozart was convinced while he Nas writing Requiem commissioned by an unnamed stranger that it was his own requiem and he was right. He raced to finish it but in the end only completed a few movements and a sketchy outline of the rest of the piece. He died probably from poor health when he was Just thirty five years old. The Requiem was completed by one of Mozart pupils, Summary. Mozart was apolitical. He was very classical. He appreciated Bach and had a large output: 49 symphonies and 18 operas. References Milliner, T. Weinberg, D. (1998). Feeling Depressed or Anxious. Comparison of Child Prodigy W.a Mozart and Michael Jackson free essay sample Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Tamekia Rhodes, Shorter University Professionals Study Abstract Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that affects ~1% of the population worldwide (Corves 2009). It is characterized by so-called ‘positive symptoms’–including delusions and hallucinations–‘negative symptoms’–including blunted emotions and social isolation–and cognitive deficits–including impairments in attention and working memory (Corves 2009). It is a mental illness, believed to be the results of multiple factors both genetic and environmental.Affecting over 2 million people in the US alone, it has become a major clinical and public health concern worldwide. However, it has been referred to as a hidden epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to define schizophrenia, inform about the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment for schizophrenia. My research is qualitative, based on examples of different types of Schizophrenia and to explain it is psychological disorder which can afflict a person throughout their lifetime due to it is like all other mental illness, there is no known cure. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Child Prodigy W.a Mozart and Michael Jackson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Keywords: Defining Schizophrenia, Symptoms, Risk Factors, and TreatmentComparison of Child Prodigy W. A Mozart and Michael Jackson Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in 1756. From the very beginning of his life in Salzburg, Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a master of music. Mozart was a child prodigy, and was able to play the piano, violin, and organ by age six but composing his own music at five (Wright, 2004). His father, Leopold Mozart, sacrificed his own career as a respected composer and theorist so he could concentrate on fostering his prodigy sons talents. He taught Mozart the violin, piano and musical theory, all of which Mozart excelled at.At the age of four, Mozart was writing piano concertos and he completed his first opera, when he was eleven. Mozart spent most of his childhood touring Europe with his sister and he got his first job at the age thirteen for the Archbishop of Salzburg. He worked here for twelve years until the archbishop dismissed him. Mozart moved to Vienna, the musical capital of the world at the time. He had been successful there as a child prodigy but as an adult had difficulty in finding work. It was in Vienna that Mozart met Haydn, who took Mozart under his wing and nurtured Mozart talents like a second father.To make a living, Mozart wrote operas which were becoming very popular. Musical ideas sprang from Mozarts mind. His only task in composing was actually writing the music down on paper. Around this time he fell in love with a woman called Aloysia Weber. He asked her to marry him but she declined and so he married her sister Constanze instead. For their wedding, Mozart wrote his great C-minor composition. Mozart had more success as a composer when he visited Prague. He was commissioned to write several operas and he enjoyed a successful career.Mozart was convinced while he was writing Requiem commissioned by an unnamed stranger that it was his own requiem and he was right. He raced to finish it but in the end only completed a few movements and a sketchy outline of the rest of the piece. He died probably from poor health when he was just thirty five years old. The Requiem was completed by one of Mozarts pupils, Sussmayr. Mozart was apolitical. He was very classical. He appreciated Bach and had a large output: 49 symphonies and 18 operas.

Difference in perspective Essay Example

Difference in perspective Essay Every day is a new day with some changes in the world. There is always a difference between yesterday and tomorrow. People thought changes were because of the environment. Due to changes in throughout life there has been an ever-widening gap between the older generation the younger generation. New generations follow a different style of thinking and behavior than the previous generation. Today, the generation from Grandparents to Grandchildren has changed significantly. There was a time in the grandparent generation where seeing a pregnant teenager in High School was not a usual scene, but today it is typical. There is a noticeable cultural gap between the grandparents to grandchildren generation. Years back there were lots of traditions that were consistently adhered to. People believed a multitude of different beliefs. Older generations still whole heartily believe in them, but the new generation wants to make their own moves. They dont like to believe anything that they havent seen. They dont like to be unfair. When it comes to expressing their feelings they dont like to think about it twice. In the poem Grand father at the Indian Health clinic It was written, At my insistence he wears his denim cowboy coat high n his neck; averse to / an unceremonious world, he follows me through / hallways pushing down the easy rage he always has / with me, a youngest child, and smiles, The author describes how the grandfather Is over protective about his grand daughter just because she is female and she is young. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference in perspective specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Difference in perspective specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Difference in perspective specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He makes her walk in front of him so he can keep his eyes on her. She is from a new generation, with new social norms, so she feels uncomfortable. Only because she respects him, she doesnt refuse him. The older generation does not allow women or children to talk in front of them. Thats why she was little bit of afraid to talk back to her grand father. In the essay Inspired Eccentricity, there is age difference between grand parents and their grand daughter, but there was no generation gap (peg 420 Hooks). The grand daughter actually asked questions to her grand parents and they replied to her politely. It was pure blasphemy for baby to teach that It did not matter what other folks thought, way have to be right with weasel In way own heart- thats all the matters, (peg. 423 Hooks) these lines show that her grand parents were committed to individualism. They taught her how to be strong. Her grandparents were utterly different. Even though they were from an older generation, their mentality was modernized. Her grand mother was a woman of power. *She was the man of the house, where as in that generation women were usually just house wives and not allowed to talk. She was a woman of her word, passing that trait onto her granddaughter. Her grandmother inspired her. She encouraged her to be a strong woman. Her grandfather taught her how to stand up for herself. Although people can be from the same generation, they do not always share the same perspective, but here are some that come to share the same traditions. The differences and similarities between the poem and the essay convey to the audience that no matter the differences between the perspectives, but they still end up missing their old tradition. As It describes In poem for the young / Intern from New Jersey he bares have no turning, that how grandfather misses his old days, that are never going to turn back. Upon having different perspective, there are still people who really believe toward new generation, and ready to accept future. Younger generation looks forward understanding and learning about past, and future.

buy custom Disaster Management essay

buy custom Disaster Management essay Disaster usually occurs at an unexpected time making it hard for the affected people, country, or region to continue with normal operations (Coppola, 2011). There are various ways of countering the effect of disasters. Some prevent the happening of such events, while some either reduce the impact caused by disasters or help in ensuring that the affected achieve the initial state of their life prior to the disaster (Diane Meyers, 2006). The methods used in disaster management include mitigation, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (Gibbons, 2007). Disaster management program encompass combination of different disaster management methods (Hakkinen, Gilbert, Mohapatra, 2009). However, these methods differ in usefulness of fighting the impacts of disaster. This makes it hard to decide the priority method. The success of disaster management program depends on the method utilized. This is because the methods of disaster management yield different results in addressing occurrence of uncertain events. For example, prevention of disaster by not committing things that will possibly lead to its occurrence, yields different results when compared to other methods such as preparedness (Krishna, 2006). This is because, disaster management methods have different times in which, each one of them is applicable. In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security and Disaster Management has the responsibility of handling and managing disasters properly. In the event of a natural disaster, a terrorist attack, or other major tragedy, the Department of Homeland Security provides coordinated, effective, and comprehensive response and recovery assistance (Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, 2011). The department has a responsibility of ensuring that emergency response professionals are always ready for any kind of situation (Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, 2011). The Department of Homeland Security and Disaster Management employs different methods of managing disasters. For instance, in achieving preparedness, the department offers online disaster preparedness seminars to families, and provides online preparedness videos for citizens to watch. In addition, the department has citizen corps located in towns and cities to ensure quick response in case of a disaster. The department also has several emergency call centers, which offer rapid response in cases of emergencies (Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, 2011). Due to presence of different methods of disaster management, it becomes hard to decide on the most efficient method of managing this challenge, and the appropriate time where one of the methods should be preferred over the other. Therefore, this research seeks to analyze the suitability of different methods utilized in disaster management and the suitable application time in disaster management. The suitability of a disaster management method used in preparations for an emergency, responding to an emergency, and recovering from a disaster, depends on the time taken to implement the method, and the efficiency of the resources used. The Research Hypothesis The expectations of this research are; to assist in improving efficiency in homeland security, achieve enhanced speed in the recovery process, and ensure enough resources for dealing with tragedies are provided. Efficiency in the security department relates to the activities done to protect the country from disasters. In the management of disasters, identification of a suitable method is paramount in handling the matter at hand. This entails all activities and programs from different disaster management programs, which are useful in choosing only activities that, improve operation efficiency. Resources needed in combating the occurrence of a disaster could be made available, if the Homeland Security department learns the importance of being prepared to counter a disaster. Preparedness is a useful method, which helps in increasing the recovery speed in case of the occurrence of an emergency. Enhanced preparedness strategy can help build trust between the community and the department ( Penuel, Statler, Golson, 2010). Moreover, an act of rejuvenating the expectations of life of the affected is vital to hopes for life. Recovery process entails transformation of life from an old one to a new one. As a wise strategy, homeland security needs to be in a position to reflect the humanity in them to reality, which will see many have hopes after the disaster. Based on these expectations, the hypothesis of the study will be, the Department of Homeland Security and Disaster Management can achieve efficiency through providing enough resources for dealing with tragedies, and increasing the recovery speed after a disaster. Therefore, the null and alternate hypothesis will be indicated as shown below: Research Variables Three research variables have been identified, which will assist in testing the hypothesis outlined above. They include, time taken to implement a given disaster management method, resources used when dealing with tragedies, and the efficiency of the disaster management method used by Homeland Security department. According Rahman (2001), the efficiency and effectiveness of a disaster management method depends on the availability of resources necessary for preparation, response, and recovery from a disaster. The local government and other stakeholders, who are concerned with the security of citizens,have the responsibility of providing disaster preparedness systems. Such systems include information and communication systems, expert analysis systems, and space technologies. The functions of these systems are; to make observations, monitor, make analysis, disseminate warnings, collect data, network, and communicate information about possible occurrence of disasters. Information is a very important resource in disaster preparation. Effective disaster management depends on the informed participation of all stakeholders (Rahman, 2001). Widespread of information concerning disaster preparedness can play a vital role in reducing the magnitude of a disaster. Therefore, information about disaster preparedness should be availed to all stakeholders in a consistent manner. The role of disaster managers is to conduct research about potential disasters, make national plans on how to prepare for such disasters, monitor the potential hazards, assess the likelihood of occurrence of the disaster, and assess the risk levels of different disasters. These measures would ensure that all stakeholders have all the information necessary for disaster preparation. The role of space technology as an information resource for disaster preparedness is to back-up the information and communication systems (Rahman, 2001). During disasters, systems located on the ground infrastructures are likely to be affected, hence cutting off communication between the stakeholders, a situation that can cause risk levels of a disaster to increase. Space technology is usually unaffected by such disasters. Therefore, it ensures undisrupted communication after occurrence of a disaster. When a disaster occurs, it is important that the necessary resources used in responding to disaster are made available. These resources should always be there to enhance disaster response. The main goal of having these resources is to ensure speedier search and rescue of victims, speedier access to trapped victims, speedier stabilization of the emergency and speedier transportation of injured victims to safety (Rahman, 2001). Such resources include emergency rescuers, medical personnel, ambulances, aircrafts and helicopters, non-human search and rescue systems such as robots, airlift bags, and heavy equipments such as concrete saw, jackhammers, and hydraulic rescue tools such as spreader cutters, among others. Resources important in recovery from disaster include emergency power supply, medical supplies, food and clean water supplies, and sanitation and waste management resources. These resources are core in restoring the lives of the victims back to normal; if not to the way they were before the occurrence of a disaster. The aforementioned resources should be in a position to provide preparedness, response, or recovery assistance in an efficient manner. Stakeholders can ensure efficiency of the resources used in disaster management by ensuring that they are available at all times, and they are functional. For instance, equipment and fuel-powered machineries used in disaster response should be serviced on regular basis. This would ensure that they are always ready to function whenever a disaster occurs. The states department of security should have stand-by ambulances, aircrafts, and medical personnel who can provide emergency relief services, while others continue with routine services. Time is also of essence in ensuring efficiency of disaster management methods. Stakeholders involved in implementing one or more methods of disaster management should ensure that time taken to implement a given method is kept at minimum (Disaster Management: Strategy and Coordination, 2010). For instance, information concerning disaster preparedness should be disseminated to the stakeholders as soon as such information becomes available. This can be achieved by employing effective methods of communication. Currently, mobile devices and the internet can be used to pass information on disaster preparedness very quickly. A research study conducted by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in 2009/10 concluded that, post-emergency effects of catastrophes depend on the time taken to respond to disasters and in the recovery process (Disaster Management: Strategy and Coordination, 2010). Quick response to a disaster assists in providing quick rescue operations to victims hence reducing the number of casualties. Many researches on disaster management indicate that many casualties, which occur immediately after a disaster are because of lack of rapid responses to the situation. Lack of immediate commencement of recovery efforts after a disaster can also contribute to more casualties because of hunger, poor sanitation, lack of water, or lack of access to medical services. Therefore, to ensure efficiency of any disaster management method, disaster management experts should observe time discipline. Research Findings The research findings indicate that the Department Homeland Security and Disaster Management have put in place a number of control measures to ensure efficiency of its activities. The department has an established disaster act: the Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, which was enacted in 1988 and later amended in 2000 (Moss, Schellhamer, Berman, 2009). The Department of Homeland security carries out the provisions of the act through it agency known as FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). The act provides that the federal government should provide 75% fundingg for acquisition of disaster management resources, while the local government should provide 25% funding for the same (Moss, Schellhamer, Berman, 2009). The Stafford Act also provides that victims of natural disasters and terrorist acts should be provided with immediate assistance. This include; immediate removal of debris from the disaster site to aid in rescuing trapped victims, provision of medical assistance to injured victims in public healthcare facilities (unless where an individual chooses otherwise), use of federal and state governments funds in repair and restoration of infrastructures and personal properties such as houses destroyed by the disaster. In addition, the act provides that mitigation funds should be provided to disaster prone areas to aid in implementing disaster control measures (Moss, Schellhamer, Berman, 2009). A research study conducted by Garnett and Moore (2010) reveals that employment of sound strategies for restoring health and livelihoods of victims of catastrophes ensures efficiency in disaster management methods. Garnett and Moore evaluated the approaches used in providing recovery efforts in six different disasters in United States. They found out that, where victims of those disasters were provided with immediate relief, in terms of medical care, food, clean water, and sanitation systems, the number of post-emergency casualties was minimal (Garnett Moore, 2010). In such areas, victims of disasters were found to recovery quickly from the effects of the disasters, and they were able to reconstruct their lives with ease, as compared to victims of disaster areas who were not provided with immediate recovery assistance after occurrence of a disaster. From their research, Garnett and Moore suggested three approaches to efficient disaster recovery: incorporation of recovery goals while preparing for a disaster, expanding the knowledge base of the stakeholders on disaster recovery strategies, and developing measurable outcomes in disaster recovery plan (Garnett Moore, 2010). Inclusion of the three strategies would ensure efficiency of disaster management methods used in disaster recovery process. A research study conducted in 2008 by Goodwill reveals that the department of Homeland Security has improved its disaster response capacity since 1992: after occurrence of Hurricane Andrew, one of the largest natural disasters in records. These improvements include; increased capacity of local governments and NGOs to respond to disasters, inclusion of other twenty six agencies, apart from FEMA, in-coordinating disaster response, provision of direct assistance to America citizens in disaster-hit areas, and increased financial assistance to affected areas (Goodwill, 2008). Goodwill points out that these improvements have assisted in achievement of efficiency in disaster response to affected citizens in the United States and in other parts of the world. In terms of preparedness, Homeland Security has continuously provided resources used in monitoring disasters, disseminating information concerning likelihood of occurrence of disasters, and maintaining disaster prone-areas to reduce the likelihood of disaster occurrence. For instance, FEMA operates an Incident Command System, which allows flexible communication of information concerning disasters among the stakeholders (Birkland, 2008). FEMA has also developed an international response system: TOPOFF, to enable United States interact with first responders, federal agencies, non-governmental organizations and its international partners while preparing for perceived terrorist attacks (Goodwill, 2008). Development of TOPOFF started in 2000, with the first version of the system: TOPOFF being developed in 2000 and the current version of the system: TOPOFF IV being developed in 2007. FEMA ensures that its disaster management systems are up to date with technological advancements, for them to remain efficient (Birkland, 2008). Conclusion From the research findings, it is clear that the Department of Homeland Security is determined to achieve efficiency in disaster management. Through its security agency: FEMA, Homeland Security ensures that all the necessary resources for disaster preparedness are availed to local governments and other stakeholders. Availability of these resources allows the stakeholders to prepare adequately for emergencies. The department has put in place technologically advanced methods of communicating disaster related information to all the stakeholders. In addition, the Homeland Security department ensures speedy response to disasters and immediate commencement of recovery efforts in disaster-hit areas. The department has provided the necessary resources, which ensures that victims of emergencies are rescued quickly, and recovery assistance is provided to survivors of catastrophes as soon as a disaster occurs. Through the Stafford Act, Homeland Security has managed to ensure availability of fun ds, which are utilized to acquire the necessary resources for disaster preparation, response, and recovery. Based on the research findings, it is clear that the efficiency of disaster management method depends on the availability of resources, the efficiency of the resources, and the time taken to implement a disaster management method. Therefore, we fail to accept the alternative hypothesis, and accept the null hypothesis, which states that, providing enough disaster management resources and enhancing disaster recovery time will help the Department of Homeland Security and Disaster Management to achieve efficiency. Buy custom Disaster Management essay

Using and interpreting statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Using and interpreting statistics - Essay Example Statistics and biostatistics enabled medical practitioners to take apart authenticity from randomness and fiction as it steered organized reasoning, evaluation and decision-making, a vital component in the scientific sphere of medicine. Coupled to this are the advances in informatics' which made possible the treatment of huge quantity of data by highly developed and multifaceted analytical methods, refined samplings, or superior medical data linkage.Informational data from a study associated with childhood diabetes, informational data from a heart and lung surgery, and informational data from transfusion orthopaedic surgery were collected, tabulated and statistically treated with 95% confidence interval, risk ratio, probability, chi square, mean, standard deviation, standard error, regression.No category have a value of 4 or 13.33 percent gene A present while Yes category have a value of 14 or 46.67 percent. This means that there are minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A. The Sens itivity study of gene A is equal to 0.22222, which means that respondents with gene A and true gene A rate is quite low. Specificity is equal to 0.38095. This is almost one third of the probability of without gene A in health and true negative rate. The findings reveal that there is a 30% or 0.30 probability of gene A. This is also called the risk of gene A or the estimated probability.The probability of the exposed cases is equal to 0.4667 while the probability of the exposed in control is equal to 0.1333. The overall or total exposed has a value of 0.3000. With 95% confidence, the interval 1.410185 to 27.15574 contains the unknown mean . a) Based on the given informational data, the study design used is randomized controlled trial design. This is because it involved the random allocation of different interventions (or treatments) to subjects . b) The risk of childhood diabetes for individuals with gene A compared to those without gene A can be calculated using proportion statistics treatment of the data on Table 2. c) Yes, the data suggest evidence to support Ho: gene "A" is associated with childhood diabetes because 14 or 46.67 percent though indicating minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A, the Sensitivity study of gene A is equal to 0.22222. Thus, despite the low number of respondents with gene A its Specificity is equal to 0.38095. This is almost one third of the probability of without gene A in health and true negative rate. The findings reveal that there is a 30% or 0.30 probability of gene A in childhood. This is also called the risk of gene A or the estimated probability. d) This study aimed to find out if gene "A" is associated with childhood diabetes. The findings revealed diabetics under the No category have a value of 4 which is 13.33 percent gene A present while the Yes category have a value of 14 which is 46.67 percent. This means that there

Examine the distinguishing features of HRM in Europe Essay - 1

Examine the distinguishing features of HRM in Europe - Essay Example Human Resource Management is an important part of this global trend. Not too many years ago, M.B.A. graduates were simply required to have a basic level of understanding of a single HRM system located within their own country. Today, business leaders must deal with a complex international HRM environment where a company’s personnel practices are often shaped by the culture of the country, the corporate expectations of its citizens and the role that a country’s public sector agencies play in determining private sector outcomes (Briscoe &Schuler, 2008). Much of the literature on HRM in European firms attempts to determine if HRM policies and practices across Western Europe are converging or diverging. Those who support the convergent approach argue that HRM systems in European democratic polities share much in common and that a European model of HRM has emerged particularly since the advent of the European Union. Proponents of the divergent approach contend that Europe is comprised of many different cultures, social and political institutions, languages and economic systems andd that a unitary model of HRM is impossible to achieve even within the context of the EU (Brewster, 2007). This convergent-divergent dichotomy serves as a useful theoretical framework for this paper. Through the examination of the recent literature on international HRM in European businesses, the paper argues that existing HRM practices in Europe tend to be more representative of the divergent end of the HRM policy continuum. It concludes with a discussion of some of the ramifications that a divergent HRM policy environment has for the future of economic prosperity in the European Union. In a 2009 comprehensive analysis of human resource practices in Europe, Mayrhoefer and Brewster developed an empirical model that allows for comparisons of HRM systems and practices within European countries.

Poverty And Health Inequalities Health And Social Care Essay

Poverty And Health Inequalities Health And Social Care Essay Sociologists define social class as the grouping of people by occupations. The different positions represent different levels of power, influence and money1, 2. In the UK society was divided into 5 main groups of classes however the Office of National Statistics (ONS) produced a new socio-economic classification in 2001 (Table 1)3, 4. Social Class Up to 2001 From 2002 I 1-4 High Low II IIIN IIIM 5-8 IV V Table 1- Classification of Social class4 The Black Report and the Acheson Report In August 1980 the Department of Health (DOH) published the Black Report, also known as the Working Group on Inequalities in Health. The Report showed the extent to which ill-health and death are unequally distributed among the population of Britain, and suggested that these inequalities have been widening rather than decreasing since the formation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 19485. The Report concluded that these inequalities were not caused due to failings in the NHS, but because of many other social inequalities influencing health: income, education, housing, diet, employment, and conditions of work. In consequence, the Report recommended a wide strategy of social policy measures to reduce inequalities in health; however these recommendations were ignored not implemented 6. In 1998 The Acheson Report, also known as the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report was published, this was 18 years after the Black Report, both reports showed similarities in thei r finding. The Acheson report showed a widening gap between different social groups (Figure 1)7. Figure 1-Number of deaths per 1000 by all causes for men aged 20-64 between 1991-19937 The report also noted that, while social determinants (Figure 2) affect peoples health across their lives, the early years are a particularly important stage of life, where poor socio economic circumstances have lasting effects. The Report recommended policies and interventions to reduce inequalities in access to the determinants of good health among parents, particularly mothers and children8, 9. The Main Determinants of Health Figure 2- The Main Determinants of Health10 The Situation in the UK- Income and Poverty The main point that both the Black and Acheson report identified was the association between poverty, social class and health inequalities. This applied to all aspects of health including life expectancy, infant mortality and general level of health8. Poverty isolates people, reducing their ability to engage in social and community life. In a study comparing the poorest and richest fifth of households, poorer children had fewer opportunities for activities and socialising. Poverty is measured by looking at the low-income threshold. This is 60% of the median UK income 4, 11. In 2007/08, 13 ½ million people in the UK (Table 2) were living in households below the low-income threshold, an increase of 1  ½ million compared with the 2004/05 figures. This is around a fifth (22%) of the population. The number of people on low incomes is lower than it was during the early 1990s but is much greater than in the early 1980s11, 12. Country Number of people England 11,500,000 Scotland 900,000 Wales 70,000 Northern Ireland 40,000 Total 13,500,000 Table 2- Distribution of people living below the poverty line in the UK, 13.5 million of the total population of approx 61 million13 Health of the UK Population- Link between Poverty and Health The health of people in the more wealthy areas of the UK is better than those living in the deprived areas. Those people living in poorer communities die younger and experience poorer physical and mental health throughout their life than those living in wealthier communities12, 13. There is a link between life expectancy at birth and social class in the UK. Those from social class I and II have a higher life expectancy at birth than those from social class IV and V .Professional men are expected to live to around 80 years and unskilled manual men to 72.7 years and for women, the figures are 85.1 and 78.1 years (Figure 3)14 Figure 3- Life expectancy of men and women at birth by social class UK, 1992-200515 This can be linked to death by major diseases in the UK, those from social class IV and V have a higher death rate compared to those form social class I and II (Figure 4).14, 15. Figure 4- Major causes of death 2003: Death rate for men aged 25-64 are 50-100% higher among those from manual backgrounds compared to those form non-manual backgrounds4, 12, 13. Infant Mortality in the UK The general association between poverty and health can be seen by looking at different diseases and mortality rates in the UK however one area which shows this association very clearly is child health. This is measured by looking at the rate of infant mortality. Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants per 1000 live births16. There were 9,954 infant deaths overall in the period 2006-08, giving an overall infant mortality rate of 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births (Table 3). Of those with a valid socio-economic group (8,709), the rate was 4.7 deaths per 1,000. Out of the 8,709 deaths in this category, 43% of these deaths (3,744) were in the Routine and Manual (RM) Social group, giving a rate of 5.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in this group 17, 18. Year Number of Deaths Infant Mortality Rate 2006 3321 5.9 2007 3264 4.7 2008 3369 4.8 Total 9954 Table 3- Infant deaths and mortality: babies born in 2006-200819 Poverty and Infant Mortality Infant death rates among both those from manual backgrounds (social class 1-4) and those from non-manual backgrounds, (social class 5-8) have fallen by around a fifth over the last decade but the gap between them has not reduced.   Infant deaths are still 50% more common among poor children in lower social groups (manual backgrounds) than among those from non-manual backgrounds.   In the lower social groups infant mortality is 20% higher than the average 4.8 per 1,000 (Figure 5)20, 21, 22.http://www.poverty.org.uk/21/a.png Figure 5- Annual number of deaths per 1000 live births between 1997-2007, it also shows the social class of the infants4, 15. When looking at different regions of the UK; it is clear that there is a significant difference in infant death rates. The rate of infant deaths in the West Midlands is one-and-a-half times more than that in the South East (Figure 6)23, 24, 25.http://www.poverty.org.uk/21/b.png Figure 6- Graph showing how the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births varies by region (West midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber, North West, Northern Ireland, East Midlands, North East, London, Scotland, Wales, South West, East, South East) 4,24. Infant death by region also has an association with poverty. The region with the highest proportion of households below the average income is the North East and West Midlands and it is the West midlands which has the highest infant death rate. The regions with the lowest portion of households below the average income, is the East and South East and it is the South East with the lowest number of infant deaths (Figure 7) 26, 27, 28. Figure 7- Graph showing low-income households by region (North East, West midlands, Wales, North West, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, Scotland, South West, Northern Ireland, East, South East)4, 15, 27 There are many conditions that cause infant death. The leading causes of infant death include congenital abnormalities, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), problems related to complications of pregnancy, and infant respiratory distress syndrome (Table 4)19, 29. Cause of Death Number of Deaths Congenital anomalies 920 Antepartum infections 59 Immaturity related conditions 1550 Asphyxia, anoxia or trauma (intrapartum) 205 External conditions 47 Infant respiratory distress syndrome 122 Other specific conditions 26 Sudden infant deaths 158 Other conditions 282 All causes 3369 Table 4- Infant deaths by cause of death: babies born in 200811, 15, 19 Other Risk Factors Increasing Infant Mortality There are other risk factors which increase the rate of infant deaths. These factors are associated with income and poverty. The main three factors are low birth weight, smoking during pregnancy and ethnicity27. Low birth weight Babies birth weights are key indicators of the outcome of pregnancy, even though there can be considerable differences between the health and well-being of babies born at the same stage of pregnancy. Babies born with a low birth weight are at greatest risk of having immediate and long-term health problems. The smallest babies are the most likely to die in the first weeks and months of life. Babies born to parents from manual backgrounds (Social class 5-8) tend to be more likely to have low birth weight than those born to parents form non-manual social backgrounds (Social class 1-4) these differences continue throughout the decade (Figure 8)31. Figure 8- Graph shows the proportion of babies born each year who are classed as having low birth weight (less than 2.5 kilograms, 5  ½ lbs), between 1996-2006. It also shows the social class of the infants4. Smoking during pregnancy Smoking in pregnancy causes devastating outcomes; these are increased risk of miscarriage, still birth and death. If parents continue to smoke after pregnancy, there is an increased rate of sudden infant death syndrome32. In the UK in 2006, 33% of mothers from social class 5-8 (manual) smoked throughout pregnancy compared with only 22% of mothers from social class 1-4 (non manual) (Figure 9) 33. Figure 9- Smoking prevelance overall and by social class. England 1998-2006 34 Exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy is associated with still birth, death and increase risk of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. One study found that in households where both parents smoke, young children have a 72 per cent increased risk of respiratory illnesses35. In 2006, 21% of non smoking pregnant women were exposed to the smoke of someone else usually a partner, throughout their pregnancy. Also 40% of mothers aged under 20 smoked throughout pregnancy compared with 13% of mothers aged 35 and over 33, 34. Ethnicity There are large differences in the infant mortality rates of ethnic groups in the UK, for babies born in 2005. Asian and Black ethnic groups accounted for over 11% of live births and 17% of infant deaths. Babies in the Pakistani and Caribbean groups had particularly high infant mortality rates, 9.6 and 9.8 deaths per 1,000 live births this was double the rate in the White British group of 4.5 deaths per 1,000 live births (Table 5)36 Ethnic Group Number of deaths Infant mortality rate Bangladeshi (Asian/Asian British) 34 4.2 Indian (Asian/Asian British) 93 5.8 Pakistani (Asian/Asian British) 231 9.6 African (Black/Black British) 118 6.0 Caribbean (Black/Black British) 73 9.8 White British 1859 4.5 White other 142 4.3 All other ethnic groups 271 5.4 Not stated 357 5.1 Total Number of deaths 3,200 Table 5- Infant deaths and infant mortality rates by ethnic group of babies born in 2005 11, 27, 30, Mortality in the Pakistani group was high throughout the first year of life whilst mortality in the Caribbean group was especially high in the first month of life. Half of all infant deaths in the Pakistani group were due to congenital anomalies, compared with only a quarter of deaths in the White British group. There is a general trend between income of ethnic groups and infant mortality rates. Those groups that have a high infant mortality rate such as the Pakistani and African groups tend to live in low income households compared to white groups (Figure 10)25,30,. http://www.poverty.org.uk/06/b.png Figure 10-Graph showing how the proportion of people living in low-income households varies by different ethnic groups4, 15, 30, Conclusion- Policies in place to address the issues It can be seen that health inequalities are present in the UK and therefore the Government has put in place many programmes and policies to tackle this problem. Tackling Health Inequalities-A Programme for Action The Tacking Health Inequalities: A Programme for Action was launched in July 2003 by the Secretary of State for Health, its aim is to meet the governments targets to reduce the health gap on infant mortality and life expectancy by 2010. The Programme has a clear strategy to work on the following four delivery themes: Supporting families, mothers and children Engaging Communities and Individuals Preventing Illness and providing effective treatment and care Addressing the underlying determinants of health37 National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services The National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services (Childrens National Service Framework) is a 10 year programme aiming to improve childrens health, social care and promote high quality health care for women and their families. The standards set by this framework require services to: Promote healthy lifestyles. Tackle health inequalities Ensure that pregnant women receive high quality care throughout their pregnancy38 Infant Mortality National Support Team The Infant Mortality National Support Team (IMNST) was launched in autumn 2008. It supports the 43 areas with the highest infant mortality rate in the routine and manual group. The IMNST has 4 main aims (Figure.11)39. Figure 11- The aims of The Infant Mortality National Support Team39. Tackling health inequalities is a top priority for the Government and the main focus is on narrowing the health gap between disadvantaged groups, communities and the rest of the country and on improving health overall. The policies, programmes and strategies in place are helping to reduce the health gap however there is a long way to go before there is significant change in health inequalities. This can be seen by looking at one of the Health Inequalities Public Service Agreement (PSA) targets (Box 1) and the progression of this target40. PSA Target on Infant Mortality By 2010 to reduce by at least 10% the gap in mortality between routine and manual groups and the population as a whole. Box 1- PSA target on reducing mortality in the UK by 10% by 201040. There is a decrease of infant mortality amongst the routine and manual groups however to narrow the gap by at least 10% by 2010 is still a challenge (Table 6)41. Year Percentage Gap 2004-2006 17% 2003-2005 18% 2002-2004 19% Table 6- Percentage gap in mortality between routine and manual groups and the population as a whole41. This shows that the Government needs to do more to reduce health inequalities by concentrating on wider social determinants of health. WORD COUNT-1650

The Uncertainty of Happiness in Anton Chekhovs About Love Essay

In Anton Chekov's "About Love" Alekhin also known as Pavel Konstantinovich shares a story within a story about his one true love Anna Alekeevna with Burkin, the high school teacher and Ivan Inanovich, the veterinary surgeon. The story shares how he and Anna grew to share an unconditional love for each other. The two sacrificed their love for each other for the happiness of others since Anna was already married and had two children. Later on in his life, Alekhin realizes that he had missed his one chance of true love, when he had the chance they should have sacrificed everything and attempted to live a happy life together. Although Alehin's tone while telling his story seems to doubt the possibility of true happiness, it is not until after he is finished that he seems to understand that by not sacrificing and taking chances in life, you hinder your chance of ever-attaining true contentment. Living in his own form of futliarnost, Alekhin enforces the idea that ones own happiness is set upon the ideal they have envisioned for themselves. I an educated man with a knowledge of languages, should, instead of devoting myself to science or literary work, live in the country, rush around like a squirrel in a cage, work hard with never a penny to show for it (198). The term "futliarnost" is used to explain one who encasts himself physically, psychologically or morally in order to reduce the contact between oneself and the rest of the world. Alekhin's state of affairs with Anna comes in the form of a rejection of love, forcing him to keep busy with daily routines to keep his mind from pondering upon hi... ...hat he had the chance to be in love was a taste of happiness. One must take chances and make sacrifices in order to obtain such a passionate emotion; if that person refuses to change their ways they may be pushing away a chance of happiness that may only come once. It is not until Alekhin is finished telling his story that he comes to realize many things about the situation and himself. Others may look upon happiness as a state of mind you create for yourself, a state of contentment. Alekhin was able to reach this state by occupying himself and achieving good in his life. One can look upon this story as one of irreverence or a lesson in life. Happiness is relative; a person can create happiness or unhappiness depending on how they choose to act upon chances life and loved ones present to them.

Acts of congress summary

Politics First Chapter Nine continues with an examination of Barney Frank, the Democrat who served as the senior leader of the House Financial Services Committee that was responsible with researching, marking up, rewriting, and passing proposed legislation that would prohibit another financial crisis from developing in the future.However, while waiting for the release the administration's white paper, which helped inform and educate members of Congress about White House proposals, Frank found himself in the midst of a potential political rebellion from in Congress, nd even from within his own party. Many moderates balked at Franks more aggressive reform proposals, while liberals found it treasonous that he was collaborating with banks, the very institutions that they held responsible for the onset of the financial crisis and the beneficiaries of TARP†Troubled Asset Relief Program.One such critic was Senator Dick Durban, who rejected the idea ofa bank bail-out, and was disappoin ted that banks were still in a position to politic in Washington. Frank disagreed, asserting that the big banks were losing steam in Washington and the evidence was simple: they could not prohibit the passage of redit card legislation that protected consumers. In an effort to gain support and educate members of Congress, Franks staff put on a serious of workshops and work sessions for members.In addition to his efforts to placate liberals, Frank threw his support behind provisions that would ultimately become the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau†an idea first presented by Elizabeth Warren in an article for the journal Democracy. The legislation became important but the â€Å"blues and news,† the old and new moderate factions of the Democratic party of each party, were already rowning in health care legislation, breaking Franks declaration that the new legislation would pass before Congress' summer vacation.Key Points/Details Big banks were largely to blame, but coll ateral damage of the bank fallout could be small banks and credit unions – The press was largely to blame, in Franks mind, for overstating the political clout that big banks and Wall Street had What would their influence be in the process of writing new legislation – Frank recruited the Democratic members of the House Committee on Financial Services (Banking Committee) who he held in highest esteem to work on issues for the reform bill –Frank favored three hallmarks for reform that might relieve liberals who were nervous that banks were not bearing the brunt of responsibility for the crisis o Credit card bill – more transparency from issuers of credit cards o Subprime mortgage bill – bill that banned many subprime mortgages and required that lenders would require companies to give stockholders a chance to give feedback about Though Frank had originally been hesitant to support such a executive pay – provision, White House backing, growing su pport from among popular and powerful Democrats (Clinton, Edwards, etc. polling numbers that seemed to indicate that the public favored it, and convincing arguments from Harvard law professor – and current US Senator from Massachusetts – Elizabeth Warren, persuaded Frank to throw his support behind the creation of a new regulatory agency (CFPA/b). Agency would regulate American financial firms and the services and products that they offer to the public –> Independent agency under the Federal Reserve Board o Frank felt pressure from both sides – the administration as well as hesitant, moderate â€Å"news and blues† – of his own party Many were worried that supporting the creation of he agency would leave them vulnerable in upcoming elections in vulnerable districts o Proposed health care and â€Å"cap and trade† legislation distracted both Congress and the public –Frank began to recognize that he had to do more to reassure his c olleagues that this agency was a good idea Worked to cajole them and gain their support o By the end of the chapter, Frank is convinced that he is right and that he will be able to get such legislation passed Terms: derivatives rating agencies systemic risk regulator subprime mortgages consumer protection â€Å"say on pay' Elizabeth Warren Price gouging Payday lender Office of Legislative Council CFPA / CFPB Chapter 10 – An Impotent Minority Chapter 10 focuses on the struggles of Rep. Spencer Bachus (R-AL) and the rest of his party to reconcile their desire to reform the financial sector but not seem to bow to the desires of the Democrats. Rep. Bachus, a moderate Republican who before the crash had proposed legislation regulating subprime mortgages only to be rebuffed by his more conservative colleagues, favored bipartisan efforts.He was up against an increasingly conservative House Republican caucus, who were led by radicals who ere emboldened by redistricting in their stat es that left them with little need to proposal for financial reform, undercutting the release of the administration white paper by a week. This proposal overwhelmingly focused on the principle that they would not stand for future â€Å"bailouts† of the Wall Street institutions that were responsible for the financial crisis. Though the plan garnered little media attention, and did not include many of the provisions laid out in the White House bill, it did indicate that Congressional Republicans recognized the reality that comprehensive financial reform was necessary. TARP Republican Study Committee

Boiling Point Elevation Definition and Process

Boiling point elevation occurs when the boiling point of a solution becomes higher than the boiling point of a pure solvent. The temperature at which the solvent boils is increased by adding any non-volatile solute. A common example of boiling point elevation can be observed by adding salt to water. The boiling point of the water is increased (although in this case, not enough to affect the cooking rate of food). Boiling point elevation, like freezing point depression, is a colligative property of matter. This means it depends on the number of particles present in a solution and not on the type of particles or their mass. In other words, increasing the concentration of the particles increases the temperature at which the solution boils. How Boiling Point Elevation Works In a nutshell, boiling point increases because most of the solute particles remain in the liquid phase rather than enter the gas phase. In order for a liquid to boil, its vapor pressure needs to exceed ambient pressure, which is harder to achieve once you add a nonvolatile component. If you like, you could think of adding a solute as diluting the solvent. It doesnt matter whether the solute is an electrolyte or not. For example, boiling point elevation of water occurs whether you add salt (an electrolyte) or sugar (not an electrolyte). Boiling Point Elevation Equation The amount of boiling point elevation can be calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoults law. For an ideal dilute solution: Boiling Pointtotal Boiling Pointsolvent ΔTb where ΔTb molality * Kb * i with Kb ebullioscopic constant (0.52Â °C kg/mol for water) and i Vant Hoff factor The equation is also commonly written as: ΔT Kbm The boiling point elevation constant depends on the solvent. For example, here are constants for some common solvents: Solvent Normal Boiling Point, oC Kb, oC m-1 water 100.0 0.512 benzene 80.1 2.53 chloroform 61.3 3.63 acetic acid 118.1 3.07 nitrobenzene 210.9 5.24